Abstract: To study the distribution of R219K polymorphism in ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter 1（ABCA1） gene in Chinese Han population and the association of this polymorphism with coronary heart disease（CHD）. Genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP approach in 417 unrelated healthy controls and 396 CHD patients. The frequencies of K allele and KK genotype for controls（0.465、0.228）were significantly higher than those（0.381、0.162）for patients（P＜0.05). When the patients were divided into two subgroups by onset-age, the frequencies of K allele and KK genotype for early-onset patients（0.34、0.111） were lower than those (0.419、0.205) for late-onset patients and those for controls（P＜0.05）, while there were no such differences between late-onset patients and controls. Patients with RR genotype had a higher plasma concentration of triglycerides（TG） when compared with that of KK genotype（P＜0.05）. No significant differences of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）level were observed among patients with different genotypes. These data suggest that the R219K polymorphism in ABCA1 gene is correlated with CHD，and the ABCA1 gene KK genotype may has a function against atherosclerosis without detectable change of plasma HDL-C level in Chinese Han population.