Abstract: It was said that 11% of all men showed their infertility. The genetic origins of male infertility may be classified into three main groups: chromosome abnormalities, microdeletions and gene mutations. Growing literature has shown that spermatogenesis failure or reproductive failure (pregnancy wastages) occurred in male carriers of chromosomal distortion/aberration. But the mechanisms remain largely unsolved. Synaptonemal complex (SC) of human spermatocytes from such carriers offers new information. This review aims to summarize recent development of SC analysis for male infertile diagnosis and sum up our results obtained recently. The relationship between male infertility/sterility and SC abnormity was discussed and reviewed as following five aspects. 1. The association of XY-bivalent and the rearranged autosomes interfere with or affect, by their contact, X chromosome normal functions. 2. Male infertility is related to the incomplete pairing in break regions of rearranged autosomes. 3. SC fragmentation, lateral elements (LEs) swelling and pairing disorder result in spermatogenic failure. 4. This heterosynapsis at early stage of meiosis in rearranged autosomes, results in unbalanced germs and pregnancy wastages. 5. Gene mutations of SC proteins result in male infertility.