岛屿生物多样性的形成、维持与丧失

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.24-223

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Hereditas(Beijing) ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 101-132.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-223

• Review • Previous Articles Next Articles

The formation, maintenance, and loss of island biodiversity

Cong Liu¹(), Yangqing Luo², Yujing Yan³, Yangheshan Yang⁴, Di Zeng⁵, Yuhao Zhao⁴, Xingfeng Si⁴()

1. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
2. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
3. Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard Arboretum, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
4. Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
5. College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China

Received:2024-08-05 Revised:2024-09-20 Online:2025-01-20 Published:2024-11-18
Contact: Xingfeng Si E-mail:congliu@g.harvard.edu;sixf@des.ecnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32311520284);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101268);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101278)

Abstract

Abstract:

Due to the unique geographical features of large numbers, isolated by water and diverse formation histories, islands have become natural laboratories for ecological and evolutionary research. Islands have a high proportion of endemic species and disharmony in representing the species compared with that in the continent, which provides a good opportunity to explore the formation of island biodiversity. In this review, we focuse on island ecosystems and describes the progress of research in island biogeography in recent years from three aspects: formation, maintenance, and loss of island biodiversity. First, we take several representative island systems in the world as examples to introduce the formation mechanism of island biodiversity from species dispersal and immigration, population establishment and selection, species evolution and adaptive radiation. Based on the Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography, we then review the species-area relationship and species-isolation relationship and focus on the research progress in community assembly, including Diamond’s rule, nestedness pattern, the framework of community structure of island biota, and species interactions on islands. We also discuss the high extinction risks of island species threatened from natural and human disturbances, especially from the impact of habitat loss and change, climate change, alien species invasion and the synergistic effect of these factors on the loss of island biodiversity. Finally, based on the status of island biodiversity, we summarized the current conservation practices for island biodiversity and possible research frontiers in island biogeographic studies.

Key words: oceanic islands, adaptive radiation, community assembly, convergent evolution, species interaction, human disturbance, biodiversity conservation

Cong Liu, Yangqing Luo, Yujing Yan, Yangheshan Yang, Di Zeng, Yuhao Zhao, Xingfeng Si. The formation, maintenance, and loss of island biodiversity[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2025, 47(1): 101-132.

Figures/Tables 4

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The formation, maintenance, and loss of island biodiversity

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