普通小麦相关研究进展在遗传学理论教学中的应用

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.20-113

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Hereditas(Beijing) ›› 2020, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 916-925.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.20-113

• Genetics Teaching • Previous Articles

The applications of research progress of common wheat in teaching genetics

Na Zhao¹, Bao Qi², Qianli Dong³, Xiaoli Wang¹

^1. Department of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
^2. Department of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
^3. Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China;

Received:2020-04-23 Revised:2020-08-08 Online:2020-09-20 Published:2020-09-01
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China No(31300191)

Abstract

Abstract:

Common wheat (T. aestivum L.) is also known as allohexaploid wheat. Its genome is composed of A/B/D sub-genomes from three closely related diploid ancestors. The evolutionary history of common wheat is used as a classic example to illustrate the mechanism of species formation and chromosome number variation in the current genetics class. In recent years, with the rapid development and application of research technologies, there have been many breakthroughs in the study of common wheat, at the cytological, molecular and genomic level. Here, we summarize the latest research achievements on common wheat, and discuss our practice in combining them with the genetics teaching. Our approach is not only a supplement to the current genetics textbooks, but also enables students to realize that genetics is a constantly evolving natural science. We aim to enhance students’ interests in learning, as well as their systematic learning abilities on genetics and related scientific research frontiers.

Key words: genetics, theoretical teaching, common wheat, allopolyploid

Na Zhao, Bao Qi, Qianli Dong, Xiaoli Wang. The applications of research progress of common wheat in teaching genetics[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2020, 42(9): 916-925.

Figures/Tables 3

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

References 42

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教学案例	应用章节	教学目标	参考文献
普通小麦A、B、D亚基因组的分化时间以及杂交、加倍时间的重新界定	物种形成与进化	(1)掌握多倍体的形成方式 (2)掌握普通小麦的形成与进化历程	[1~4]
荧光原位杂交技术在普通小麦基因组分型及易位系鉴定中的应用	染色体数目变异染色体结构变异	(1)掌握核型分析技术在普通小麦细胞学研究和遗传育种研究中的应用 (2)了解染色体结构变异和数目变异类型及细胞学特征	[5~16]
矮杆突变、落粒性突变在小麦育种中的应用	基因突变	(1)了解矮杆突变和落粒性突变的分子遗传机制 (2)掌握基因突变的防护机制	[17~22]
甲基化修饰导致普通小麦LHS1-B基因、麦谷蛋白基因和麦醇溶蛋白基因的表达沉默	表观遗传学	(1)掌握什么是表观遗传学 (2)了解DNA甲基化的作用机制	[23,24]
普通小麦全基因组测序及其在小麦性状解析中的应用进展	基因组学	(1)掌握基因组测序的基本方法和策略 (2)了解普通小麦基因组的特征	[25~40]

小麦性状	SNP位点数	染色体定位	材料应用	参考文献
产量(grain yield)	16	3B 6B	1092株普通小麦	[35]
穗长(spike length)	4	2A 2B 2D 6A	192株普通小麦	[36]
穗粒数(kernels per spike)	3	2A 2B 7B
穗数(spikelet number)	1	7B
淀粉含量(starch content)	1	5B	1325株冬小麦	[37]
含水量(moisture)	3	6A 1B	1325株冬小麦	[37]
条锈病(stripe rust)	16	1A 1B 1D 2A 2B 5A 6A	483株春小麦	[38]
叶锈病(leaf rust)	18	1A 1B 2B 3A 3B 3D 5B 7A
秆锈病(stem rust)	27	1A 1B 1D 2A 2B 3A 3B 3D 5A 5B 6B 7A
腥黑穗病(karnal bunt)	15	2D 3B 4D 7B	179株优良栽培小麦	[39]
镰刀菌茎基腐病(fusarium crown rot)	5	5DL	358株中国优质小麦	[40]

The applications of research progress of common wheat in teaching genetics

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