法医遗传学研究和鉴定中的伦理问题

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.21-202

[an error occurred while processing this directive]

Hereditas(Beijing) ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (10): 994-1002.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.21-202

• Opinion • Previous Articles Next Articles

Ethical issues of the research and practice in forensic genetics

Zhiyong Liu^1,²(), Riga Wu^1,², Ran Li^1,², Qiangwei Wang^1,², Hongyu Sun^1,²()

1. Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
2. Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China

Received:2021-06-07 Revised:2021-09-11 Online:2021-10-20 Published:2021-09-16
Contact: Sun Hongyu E-mail:liuzhy255@mail2.sysu.edu.cn;sunhy@mail.sysu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China No(81971798);the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province No(2019A15150)

Abstract

Abstract:

Forensic genetics mainly uses human biological samples as the objects, solves the identification of biological materials related to law by detecting genetic information, provides clues for investigation and evidences for trial, thus facing many ethical issues. This paper put forward the ethical principles in forensic genetics research and practice, and discussed the ethical issues in sample collection, forensic DNA phenotyping, forensic genetic genealogy analysis, forensic DNA database development, paternity and kinship testing, and research data sharing. We suggest that specific ethical requirements should be formulated, the ethical review system should be established for forensic genetics and ethical training for practitioners should be strengthened.

Key words: forensic genetics, biological materials, ethical issues

Zhiyong Liu, Riga Wu, Ran Li, Qiangwei Wang, Hongyu Sun. Ethical issues of the research and practice in forensic genetics[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2021, 43(10): 994-1002.

Figures/Tables 1

References 35

[1]	Chu JY. Ethical issues that cannot be ignored in the development of genetics research. Hereditas(Beijing), 2019,41(5):447-450.
	褚嘉祐. 遗传学研究领域发展过程中不可忽视的伦理学问题. 遗传, 2019,41(5):447-450.
[2]	Zhao XC, Shang L, Peng SL. Ethics review on research of forensic medicine. Chin J Foren Med, 2017,32(2):117-119.
	赵兴春, 尚蕾, 彭斯璐. 法医学研究中的伦理审查建设. 中国法医学杂志, 2017,32(2):117-119.
[3]	Liu HT, Zuo AJ, Li BZ, Feng XT, Zhao P. Analysis of the application of ethics in judicial appraisal practice. Chin J Foren Sci, 2019,104(3):85-88.
	刘荟婷, 左安俊, 李宝增, 冯晓彤, 赵鹏. 伦理学在法医实践中的应用探析. 中国司法鉴定, 2019,104(3):85-88.
[4]	Ministry of Public Security of the People’s Republic of China. Specifications for collection, preservation and delivery of forensic biologic samples: GA/T 1162—2014. 2014.
	中华人民共和国公安部. 法医生物检材的提取、保存、送检规范: GA/T 1162—2014. 2014.
[5]	Williams R, Wienroth M . Social and ethical aspects of forensic genetics: a critical review. Forensic Sci Rev, 2017,29(2):145-169.
[6]	Butler JM, Willis S . Interpol review of forensic biology and forensic DNA typing 2016-2019. Forensic Sci Int Synerg, 2020,2:352-367.
[7]	Simayijiang H, Pereira V, Børsting C, Morling N . Analysis of 16 autosomal STR loci in Uyghur and Kazakh populations from Xinjiang, China. Forensic Sci Int Genet, 2019,40:e262-e263.
[8]	Ye JJ, Li ZF, Chen YX, Ma L, Li M, Guo H, Wang YL, Yang LJ, Cheng BW. Analysis of null alleles for 17 Y chromosome-short tandem repeat loci in infertile males. Chin J Med Gene, 2013,30(3):330-334.
	叶峻杰, 李宗芳, 陈燕祥, 马丽, 李貌, 郭海, 王跃力, 杨丽娟, 程宝文. 男性不育人群17个Y染色体短串联重复基因座无效等位基因分析. 中华医学遗传学杂志, 2013,30(3):330-334.
[9]	Heathfield LJ, Maistry S, Martin LJ, Ramesar R, de Vries J. Ethical considerations in forensic genetics research on tissue samples collected post-mortem in Cape Town, South Africa. BMC Med Ethics, 2017,18(1):66.
[10]	Kang H, Zhou WL, Xiong X, Li X, Wang Q, Hou Y. Ethical challenges and review practices to waiver of specific informed consent in genomics research. Med Philos, 2020,41(2):23-26.
	康辉, 周伟莉, 熊茜, 李杏, 万仟, 侯勇. 基因组学研究免除具体知情同意的伦理挑战与审查实践. 医学与哲学, 2020,41(2):23-26.
[11]	Kayser M . Forensic DNA Phenotyping: Predicting human appearance from crime scene material for investigative purposes. Forensic Sci Int Genet, 2015,18:33-48.
[12]	Toom V, Wienroth M, M'charek A, Prainsack B, Williams R, Duster T, Heinemann T, Kruse C, Machado H, Murphy E. Approaching ethical, legal and social issues of emerging forensic DNA phenotyping (FDP) technologies comprehensively: Reply to ʻForensic DNA phenotyping: predicting human appearance from crime scene material for investigative purposes’ by Manfred Kayser. Forensic Sci Int Genet, 2016,22:e1-e4.
[13]	M'charek A, Toom V, Prainsack B . Bracketing off population does not advance ethical reflection on EVCs: a reply to Kayser and Schneider. Forensic Sci Int Genet, 2012,6(1):e16-e17.
[14]	Wienroth M . Socio-technical disagreements as ethical fora: Parabon NanoLab’s forensic DNA Snapshot™ service at the intersection of discourses around robust science, technology validation, and commerce. BioSocieties, 2020,15:28-45.
[15]	Chaitanya L, Breslin K, Zuñiga S, Wirken L, Pośpiech E, Kukla-Bartoszek M, Sijen T, de Knijff P, Liu F, Branicki W, Kayser M, Walsh S. The HIrisPlex-S system for eye, hair and skin colour prediction from DNA: introduction and forensic developmental validation. Forensic Sci Int Genet, 2018,35:123-135.
[16]	Samuel G, Prainsack B . Civil society stakeholder views on forensic DNA phenotyping: balancing risks and benefits. Forensic Sci Int Genet, 2019,43:102157.
[17]	Hopman R . Opening up forensic DNA phenotyping: the logics of accuracy, commonality and valuing. New Genet Soc, 2020,39(4):424-440.
[18]	Hopman R, M’charek A . Facing the unknown suspect: forensic DNA phenotyping and the oscillation between the individual and the collective. BioSocieties, 2020,15:438-462.
[19]	Liu J, Ji AQ, Li CX, Wang GQ. Research progress of forensic genealogy analysis. Foren Sci Technol, 2019,44(3):189-194.
	刘京, 季安全, 李彩霞, 王桂强. 法医系谱分析研究进展. 刑事技术, 2019,44(3):189-194.
[20]	Berkman BE, Miller WK, Grady C . Is it ethical to use genealogy data to solve crimes? Ann Intern Med, 2018,169(5):333-334.
[21]	Granja R, Machado H . Ethical controversies of familial searching: the views of stakeholders in the United Kingdom and in Poland. Sci, Technol Human Val, 2019,44(6):1068-1092.
[22]	Department of justice, office of public affairs. Department of justice announces interim policy on emerging method to generate leads for unsolved violent crimes.2019-9-24.
[23]	Zhao H, Liu C, eds. Advanced Forensic Science (3rd edition). Zhengzhou: Zhengzhou University Press, 2021,621.
	赵虎, 刘超, 主编. 高级法医学(第三版). 郑州: 郑州大学出版社, 2021,621.
[24]	Hazel JW, Clayton EW, Malin BA, Slobogin C . Is it time for a universal genetic forensic database? Science, 2018,362(6417):898-900.
[25]	Rees T, Bosch T, Douglas AE . How the microbiome challenges our concept of self. PLoS Biol, 2018,16(2):e2005358.
[26]	Lowrance WW, Collins FS . Ethics. Identifiability in genomic research. Science, 2007,317(5838):600-602.
[27]	Willuweit S, Roewer L , International Forensic Y Chromosome User Group. Y chromosome haplotype reference database (YHRD): update. Forensic Sci Int Genet, 2007,1(2):83-87.
[28]	Parson W, Dür A . EMPOP--a forensic mtDNA database. Forensic Sci Int Genet, 2007,1(2):88-92.
[29]	Szibor R, Hering S, Edelmann J . A new web site compiling forensic chromosome X research is now online. Int J Legal Med, 2006,120(4):252-254.
[30]	Bodner M, Bastisch I, Butler JM, Fimmers R, Gill P, Gusmão L, Morling N, Phillips C, Prinz M, Schneider PM, Parson W . Recommendations of the DNA commission of the international society for forensic genetics (ISFG) on quality control of autosomal short tandem repeat allele frequency databasing (STRidER). Forensic Sci Int Genet, 2016,24:97-102.
[31]	Nothnagel M, Fan GY, Guo F, He YF, Hou YP, Hu SP, Huang J, Jiang XH, Kim W, Kim K, Li CT, Li H, Li LM, Li SL, Li Z, Liang WB, Liu C, Lu D, Luo HB, Nie SJ, Shi MS, Sun HY, Tang JP, Wang L, Wang CC, Wang D, Wen SQ, Wu HY, Wu WW, Xing JX, Yan JW, Yan S, Yao HB, Ye Y, Yun LB, Zeng ZS, Zha L, Zhang SH, Zheng XF, Willuweit S, Roewer L . Revisiting the male genetic landscape of China: a multi-center study of almost 38,000 Y-STR haplotypes. Hum Genet, 2017,136(5):485-497.
[32]	Zhang DY, Cao G, Xie MK, Cui XJ, Xiao L, Tian CC, Ye Y . RETRACTED ARTICLE: Y Chromosomal STR haplotypes in Chinese Uyghur, Kazakh and Hui ethnic groups and genetic features of DYS448 null allele and DYS19 duplicated allele. Int J Legal Med, 2021,135(3):1119.
[33]	D'Amato ME, Bodner M, Butler JM, Gusmão L, Linacre A, Parson W, Schneider PM, Vallone P, Carracedo A. Ethical publication of research on genetics and genomics of biological material: guidelines and recommendations. Forensic Sci Int Genet, 2020,48:102299.
[34]	Wallace HM, Jackson AR, Gruber J, Thibedeau AD . Forensic DNA databases-ethical and legal standards: a global review. Egyptian J Forensic Sci, 2014,4(3):57-63.
[35]	Amankwaa AO, McCartney C. The UK National DNA Database: Implementation of the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012. Forensic Sci Int, 2018,284:117-128.

Metrics

Comments

www.chinagene.cn
备案号：京ICP备09063187号

名称	发布机构	发布时间	概况
《纽伦堡法典》	国际军事法庭	1946年	制定了人体试验的十点声明,是人体试验的第一份国际性文件
《赫尔辛基宣言》	世界医学会	1964年	制定了人作为受试对象的生物医学研究的伦理原则和限制条件,是关于人体试验的第二个国际性文件(2013年更新)
《涉及人的健康相关研究国际伦理准则》	国际医学科学组织理事会与?世界卫生组织	1982年	详尽解释了《赫尔辛基宣言》,规范各国的人体生物医学研究政策,促进人体试验研究中伦理原则的正确运作(2016年更新)
《世界人类基因组与人权宣言》	联合国教科文组织	1997年	提出任何人类基因组的研究都不应凌驾于个人或者群体的人权、自由与尊严之上
《国际人类基因数据宣言》	联合国教科文组织	2003年	提出收集、处理、使用、存储人类基因组与蛋白组数据时应保障人权与自由,并维护人类尊严
《世界生物伦理与人权宣言》	联合国教科文组织	2005年	制定了科学发展与技术应用的普适性原则与程序,强调要充分尊重人的尊严、人权与自由,个人利益与福祉高于科学的利益

Ethical issues of the research and practice in forensic genetics

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 1

References 35

Related Articles 9

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Lei Miao, Kelai Kang, Chi Zhang, Shuang Liu, Ruilian Jiao, Li Yuan, Le Wang. Sequence features of forensic core short tandem repeat loci [J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2025, 47(11): 1214-1230.
[2]	Xin Zhu, Xin Jin, Jun Liu, Lan Yang, Lixin Zou, Caixia Li, Jiang Huang, Li Jiang. Paternal genetic structure analysis of the modern Han populations based on Y-SNP and Y-STR [J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2024, 46(2): 149-167.
[3]	Xin Li, Hong Fan, Xingchun Zhao, Xiaonuo Fan, Ruoxia Yao. Rapid analyzing mixed STR profiles based on the global minimum residual method [J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2023, 45(10): 933-944.
[4]	Yongqiang Kong, Jinkai Liu, Jiaqi Gu, Jingyi Xu, Yunuo Zheng, Yiliang Wei, Shaoyuan Wu. Optimization scheme of machine learning model for genetic division between northern Han, southern Han, Korean and Japanese [J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2022, 44(11): 1028-1043.
[5]	Xiaoyuan Guo, Changchun Sun, Siyao Xue, Hui Zhao, Li Jiang, Caixia Li. 49AISNP: a study on the ancestry inference of the three ethnic groups in the north of East Asia [J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2021, 43(9): 880-889.
[6]	Xi Li, Haoyu Wang, Yueyan Cao, Qiang Zhu, Panyin Shu, Tingyun Hou, Yuting Wang, Ji Zhang. Forensic genomics research on microhaplotypes [J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2021, 43(10): 962-971.
[7]	Yang Liu, Changchun Sun, Mi Ma, Ling Wang, Wenting Zhao, Quan Ma, Anquan Ji, Jing Liu, Caixia Li. The ancestry inference of Chinese populations using 74-plex SNPs system [J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2020, 42(3): 296-308.
[8]	Li Jiang,Qifan Sun,Quan Ma,Wenting Zhao,Jing Liu,Lei Zhao,Anquan Ji,Caixia Li. Optimization and validation of analysis method based on 27-plex SNP panel for ancestry inference [J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2017, 39(2): 166-173.
[9]	Xiuyan Ruan, Weini Wang, Yaran Yang, Bingbing Xie, Jing Chen, Yacheng Liu, Jiangwei Yan. Genetic variability and phylogenetic analysis of 39 short tandem repeat loci in Beijing Han population [J]. HEREDITAS(Beijing), 2015, 37(7): 683-691.