植物古DNA技术及其应用进展

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.25-259

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Hereditas(Beijing) ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 377-392.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.25-259

• Review • Previous Articles Next Articles

Applications and research advances of the ancient plant DNA technology

Yutian Yang¹(), Caihui Wang¹, Zhikun Ma¹, Qingqing Li², Ming Zhang¹()

¹ Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation, China-Central Asia “the Belt and Road” Joint Laboratory on Human and Environment Research, School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
² College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China

Received:2025-11-18 Revised:2026-01-15 Online:2026-01-21 Published:2026-01-21
Contact: Ming Zhang E-mail:m18090587395@163.com;zhangming@nwu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Science and Technology Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province(2024RS-CXTD-74);National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0203800);Archaeological Talent Promotion Program of China(2025-187)

Abstract

Abstract:

Ancient DNA technology directly retrieves genetic information from preserved biological materials, thereby offering significant advantages for elucidating species origins and evolution. In recent years, ancient DNA studies have yielded significant advances in our understanding of human evolution and the origins and dispersal of animals. With the rapid development of ancient DNA extraction, library construction, and sequencing techniques, ancient DNA technology is increasingly contributing to plant research and is gradually developing into a standardized and systematic research area. These studies have not only deepened our understanding of the origins, dispersal routes, and evolutionary history of crop domestication, but have also provided novel perspectives for interpreting the interactive evolution among humans, plants, and the environment. In this review, we introduce the workflow of ancient plant DNA research and review the progress of ancient plant DNA technology in the fields of crop domestication, plant diseases, environmental reconstruction, and utilization of plant resources to provide a reference for the in-depth development of this field.

Key words: ancient plant DNA technology, research status, plant domestication, environmental reconstruction

Yutian Yang, Caihui Wang, Zhikun Ma, Qingqing Li, Ming Zhang. Applications and research advances of the ancient plant DNA technology[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2026, 48(4): 377-392.

Figures/Tables 3

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样本类型		优势	局限性	参考文献
直接来源	植物遗存	(1)能帮助解决物种层面的科学问题 (2)适合千年尺度研究	(1)多数样本保存质量差 (2)容易污染	[26]
直接来源	馆藏标本	(1)材料保存量大、种类丰富 (2)DNA质量较高 (3)可用于表型研究	(1)可能存在采样偏差 (2)局限在近几个世纪	[26]
间接来源	沉积物	(1)研究时间跨度最广，能重建过去生态系统 (2)可以提供更高分辨率的植物组成信息 (3)样品来源更丰富	(1)目前无法重建植物的全基因组，较少用于单个物种的系统重建研究 (2)某些物种的丰度可能被过度代表 (3)参考数据库建设尚不完善	[16,24,25,27]

Applications and research advances of the ancient plant DNA technology

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