The Swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) classⅠgenes encode multi-glycoproteins on cell surface, which present endogenous antigenic peptides to T cells and thus initiate specific immune responses. In this article, latest advances on molecular structure, expression in tissues, regulation of expression, genotyping, polymorphism, and evolution of SLA classⅠgenes were introduced, in which genotyping and polymorphism were emphasized. Molecular typing methods of SLA classⅠgenes include serological method, DNA sequencing, PCR-SSP, PCR-SSOP and MS, of which PCR-SSP is frequently used in genotyping of SLA classⅠgenes as a simple and rapid method. Future directions for the study and application of SLA classⅠgenes on gene functions, peptide vaccine, xenotransplantation were also discussed.