In this experiment, Caoke chicken was used to analyze H-FABP gene polymorphism by PCR-SSCP. Results indicated that there were eight mutation sites in Caoke chicken: 332G→A, 534G→A, 835C→T, 1131→A, 1294C→A, 2329C→T, 2372C→T, 2636C→T. In seven pairs of primers that generated polymorphisms, only the first pair resulted in genotypes that showed a significant difference in body weight, carcass weight, breast weight, leg weight and half-eviscerated weight (P < 0.05). It implied that H-FABP could have a major effect on slaughter performance or could be linked to gene(s) that significantly affect slaughter performance in chicken.