Genetic diversity of Z:ZCLA Mongolian gerbils, wild Mongolian gerbils and 3 inbred M. gerbil strains was evaluated with 17 microsatellite loci. The genetic variabilities within and between populations were estimated. The results showed that 9 microsatellite DNA, AF200940, AF200941, AF200942, AF200945, AF200946, AF200947, D11Mit128, PKC, and SCN, were amplified efficiently both in Z:ZCLA M. gerbils and the wild M. gerbils. Forty-one alleles were amplified with the number of alleles per locus ranging from 1 to 7. The average expected heterozygosity (He) and polymorphism information content (PIC) of all the loci were 0.5032 and 0.4656, respectively. The mean effective allele number of Z:ZCLA M. gerbils and wild M. gerbils were 2.78 and 2.89. The PIC of Z:ZCLA M. gerbils and the wild M. gerbils were 0.3704 and 0.3893. In the 3 inbred M. gerbils strains, 8 microsatellite DNA were amplified efficiently with 11 alleles. It displayed heterozygosity in AF200941, AF200945, AF200946, D11Mit128, and SCN loci with fragment lengths from 140 to 215 bp; and homozygosity in AF200942, AF200946, and AF200947 with fragment lengths from 203 to 241 bp. All of the 8 microsatel-lite loci were monomorphic both within and among the strains. These results suggested that the moderate genetic diversity of the conventional closed colony of Z:ZCLA M. gerbils was observed; and inbred M. gerbils strains basically met the re-quest. Microsatellite markers can be used in monitoring of M. gerbils populations.