Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has been widely applied in nucleic acid diagnostics due to its high sensitivity and specificity, high speed and low requirement of equipment. In order to fully leverage these merits, achieve high efficiency and reliability in diagnostics, and expand the applicable fields while keeping low reagent cost, multiplex LAMP technology has been extensively explored in recent years. Common methods for LAMP products detection are mostly based on the double-stranded DNA amplicons or byproducts from the polymerization reaction, so they can only identify the occurrence of amplification reaction but not the origins or specificity of the products. To achieve specific LAMP products detection, researchers developed various multiplex methods by improving the conventional LAMP technology or coupling LAMP with other assays. However, the interference and/or the different amplification efficiencies among different primer sets often lead to biased amplification and thus limited multiplexing level. We here defined these methods as narrow-sensed multiplex LAMP. The research on miniaturized amplification technology which is booming in recent years has given rise to the novel general-sensed multiplex LAMP technology that breaks this limitation by its capability to perform highly parallel and miniaturized simplex reactions in independent compartments. Methods of this type have additional benefits such as lower reagent cost, higher level of automation, lower risk of cross-contamination and better suitability for on-site detection of multiple targets. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress in multiplex LAMP technology from the following aspects: the principle and design of narrow-sensed LAMP and its amplification optimization, the general-sensed LAMP, and the various applications of all multiplex LAMP technologies in diagnostics.
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