[an error occurred while processing this directive]
Reviews

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique and its application in site-directed genome modification of animals

Expand
  • 1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Received date: 2015-02-03

  Online published: 2015-10-20

Abstract

CRISPR/Cas system, which uses CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) to guide Cas nuclease to silence invading nucleic acids, is self-defense system against exogenous virus or plasmid in bacteria and archaea. Through molecular modification, the typeⅡCRISPR/Cas system has become a highly efficient site-directed genome editing technique, which is simpler than zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator like effector nucleases (TALENs) and easier to be designed and applied. In this review, we summarize the evolutionary history of CRISPR/Cas9 system, the working principle and modification process of type Ⅱ CRISPR/Cas and its application in animal genome modification. We also analyze the existing problems and improvement program of the CRISPR/Cas9 system as well as its application prospect combined with successful cases, which may provide innovative perspectives on improving animal traits and establishing animal models of human diseases.

Cite this article

Jinwei Zhou, Qipin Xu, Jing Yao, Shumin Yu, Suizhong Cao . CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique and its application in site-directed genome modification of animals[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2015 , 37(10) : 1011 -1020 . DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.15-066

References

[1] Bibikova M, Beumer K, Trautman JK, Carroll D. Enhancing gene targeting with designed zinc finger nucleases. Science , 2003, 300(5620): 764.
[2] Boch J, Scholze H, Schornack S, Landgraf A, Hahn S, Kay S, Lahaye T, Nickstadt A, Bonas U. Breaking the code of DNA binding specificity of TAL-type III effectors. Science , 2009, 326(5959): 1509-1512.
[3] 周金伟, 王灵慧, 申义君, 余树民, 曹随忠. 类转录激活因子效应物核酸酶(TALENs)的构建及其在基因组定点修饰中的应用. 中国细胞生物学学报, 2013, 35(11): 1672-1680.
[4] Tesson L, Usal C, Ménoret S, Leung E, Niles BJ, Remy S, Santiago Y, Vincent AI, Meng XD, Zhang L, Gregory PD, Anegon I, Cost GJ. Knockout rats generated by embryo microinjection of TALENs. Nat Biotechnol , 2011, 29(8): 695-696.
[5] 沈延, 黄鹏, 张博. TALEN构建与斑马鱼基因组定点突变的实验方法与流程. 遗传, 2013, 35(4): 533-544.
[6] Carlson DF, Tan WF, Lillico SG, Stverakova D, Proudfoot C, Christian M, Voytas DF, Long CR, Whitelaw CBA, Fahrenkrug SC. Efficient TALEN-mediated gene knockout in livestock. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 2012, 109(43): 17382-17387.
[7] Whyte JJ, Zhao JG, Wells KD, Samuel MS, Whitworth KM, Walters EM, Laughlin MH, Prather RS. Gene targeting with zinc finger nucleases to produce cloned eGFP knockout pigs. Mol Reprod Dev , 2011, 78(1): 2.
[8] Jinek M, Chylinski K, Fonfara I, Hauer M, Doudna JA, Charpentier E. A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity. Science , 2012, 337(6096): 816-821.
[9] Wang HY, Yang H, Shivalila CS, Dawlaty MM, Cheng AW, Zhang F, Jaenisch R. One-step generation of mice carrying mutations in multiple genes by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering. Cell , 2013, 153(4): 910-918.
[10] Jao LE, Wente SR, Chen WB. Efficient multiplex biallelic zebrafish genome editing using a CRISPR nuclease system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 2013, 110(34): 13904-13909.
[11] Chang NN, Sun CH, Gao L, Zhu D, Xu XF, Zhu XJ, Xiong JW, Xi JJ. Genome editing with RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease in zebrafish embryos. Cell Res , 2013, 23(4): 465-472.
[12] Auer TO, Duroure K, De Cian A, Concordet J-P, Del Bene F. Highly efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in in zebrafish by homology-independent DNA repair. Genome Res , 2014, 24(1): 142-153.
[13] Hai T, Teng F, Guo RF, Li W, Zhou Q. One-step generation of knockout pigs by zygote injection of CRISPR/Cas system. Cell Res , 2014, 24(3): 372-375.
[14] Zhou XQ, Xin JG, Fan NN, Zou QJ, Huang J, Ouyang Z, Zhao Y, Zhao BT, Liu ZM, Lai SS, Yi XL, Guo L, Esteban MA, Zeng YZ, Yang HQ, Lai LX. Generation of CRISPR/ Cas9-mediated gene-targeted pigs via somatic cell nuclear transfer. Cell Mol Life Sci , 2015, 72(6): 1175-1184.
[15] Ni W, Qiao J, Hu SW, Zhao XX, Regouski M, Yang M, Polejaeva IA, Chen CF. Efficient gene knockout in goats using CRISPR/Cas9 system. PLoS One , 2014, 9(9): e106718.
[16] Horvath P, Barrangou R. CRISPR/Cas, the immune system of bacteria and archaea. Science , 2010, 327(5962): 167-170.
[17] Terns MP, Terns RM. CRISPR-based adaptive immune systems. Curr Opin Microbiol , 2011, 14(3): 321-327.
[18] Ishino Y, Shinagawa H, Makino K, Amemura M, Nakata A. Nucleotide sequence of the iap gene, responsible for alkaline phosphatase isozyme conversion in Escherichia coli, and identification of the gene product. J Bacteriol , 1987, 169: 5429-5433.
[19] Coffey A, Ross RP. Bacteriophage-resistance systems in dairy starter strains: molecular analysis to application. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek , 2002, 82(1-4): 303-321.
[20] Bolotin A, Quinquis B, Sorokin A, Ehrlich SD. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats (CRISPRs) have spacers of extrachromosomal origin. Microbiology , 2005, 151(8): 2551-2561.
[21] Makarova KS, Grishin NV, Shabalina SA, Wolf YI, Koonin EV. A putative RNA-interference-based immune system in prokaryotes: Computational analysis of the predicted enzymatic machinery, functional analogies with eukaryotic RNAi, and hypothetical mechanisms of action. Biol Direct , 2006, 1: 7.
[22] Mashimo T. Gene targeting tech
Outlines

/