Abstract: To investigate the effects of rosiglitazone on porcine preadipocytes during the induced differentiation process, we isolated subcutaneous adipose from two-days-old piglets using collagenase-digestion method and cultured preadipocyte cells in the control and experimental medium, respectively. The control group was under the conditons of 10% fetal calf serum in DMEM/F-12 (1:1), insulin (50 nmol/L), dexamethasone (100 nmol/L) and 1-methyl- 3-isobutylxan- thine (0.25 mmol/L), while the experimental medium was added with 100 nmol/L rosiglitazone. The expression changes of genes asso-ciated with adipogenesis between the two different conditons were measured by using qRT-PCR. The results revealed that, in the experimental group, the expression levels of PPARα, PPARγ, C/EBPα, FABP4, FASN and GPAT were up-regulated to the maximum at 48 h, 48 h, 48 h, 108 h, 60 h and 24 h after induction, respectively, and the change folds of these genes were 1.7, 48, 3.3, 487.5, 5.8 and 3.6, respectively. While, in the control group, the expression levels of these six genes were up-regulated to the maximum at different time points (84 h, 96 h, 48 h, 96 h, 36 h and 36 h, respectively) after induction, and the change folds of these genes were also different (2.1, 11, 1.6, 216.5, 3.5 and 2.8, respectively). In addition, a good correlation among the expression changes of GPAT and PPARα, FASN were all observed at P<0.05 in the experimental group and at P<0.01 in control group. These results indicated that the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, FABP4, FASN and GPAT were strongly up-regulated, and the expression of PPARα was down-regulated under the effects of rosiglitazon. These results suggest that rosiglitazone has a promotive effect on PPARγ and C/EBPα. Here, we present three tentatively conclu-sions. First, PPARγ and C/EBPα might be the key transcriptional factors for preadipocytes differentiation. Second, the phospholipids biosynthesis might appear more earlier during the process of adipogenesis. Third, PPARα might play an im-portant role in the regulation of phospholipids biosynthesis.