Abstract: Based on the traditional knocking-slides and Giemsa-staining methods,this paper firstly analyzed the metaphase chromosomes of five species (D. constricta、D. ohnishii、D. ogumai、D. pseudobaimaii and D. tani) of Drosophila melanogaster species group. The results show that all of the five species share the same chromosomal numbers (2n=8) but with different typical shapes. D. pseudobaimaii and D. tani share the shape 2V,1R,1D; D. constricta shows 2V,1R,1D with unclear recognized dot chromosomes; D. ohnishii and D. ogumai share the same chromosomal shapes 2V，2R. And that between karyotype and phylogenetic relationships are found to be correspond.

Key words: genus drosophila, D. melanogaster species group, karyotype, D. montium species subgroup