Abstract: Selected 17 microsatellite markers of Aristichthys nobilis prepared by our lab to analyze the genetic diversity and characteristic of two population of Aristichthys nobilis coming form Jiangxi and Sichuan, calculated and statistic heterozygoty、polymorphism information content(PIC)、valid allele number、allele frequency、genetic distance、genetic similarity coefficient、Hardy-Weinberg balance deflection index and so on. The results show that there have 4 monomorphism markers and 13 polymorphism markers among 17 selected microsatellite markers. The average of allele number in each microsatellite loci of Jiangxi population and Sichuan population is 3.325 and 3.882 separately, the average of valid allele number is 3.531 and 2.676 separately, and the number of total allele of these 17 microsatellite loci is 71. The PIC of polymorphism loci is changed between 0.114~0.960, and the average of PIC is 0.417. The average of Ho of two population is 0.385 and 0.452 separately, the He average is 0.360and 0.422 separately. The genetic similarity coefficient of two populations of Aristichthys nobilis is 0.897 and the genetic distance of these populations is 0.109.