动物性染色体剂量补偿

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.24-165

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Hereditas(Beijing) ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 200-210.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-165

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Dosage compensation of sex chromosomes in animals

Xiaoshu Chen(), Jiabi Chen

Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China

Received:2024-06-06 Revised:2024-08-02 Online:2025-02-20 Published:2024-08-21
Contact: Xiaoshu Chen E-mail:chenxshu3@mail.sysu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32222018);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170635)

Abstract

Abstract:

The origin and evolution of sex chromosomes have long been a focus of research in biology. Two of the most studied systems are the XY system and the ZW system. Due to Y/W degeneration, heterozygous (XY/ZW) sex-linked genes are absent and their dosage is reduced when compared to autosomal genes and homozygous (XX/ZZ) sex-linked genes, creating an issue of dosage imbalance between sex chromosomes and autosomes. Multiple evolutionary models have been proposed to explain the evolutionary mechanism of dosage compensation that might resolve such dosage imbalance. In this review, we summarize the findings related to the dosage effect of sex chromosomes from a variety of perspectives, including transcriptomes, proteomes, haploid cells, and single cells. In addition, a summary of the dosage effect of sex chromosomes in major phylogenetic branches of multiple species is provided. Finally, we approved an overview of the related theoretical models and future research directions at the end of this paper.

Key words: sex chromosomes, dosage compensation, dosage insensitivity

Xiaoshu Chen, Jiabi Chen. Dosage compensation of sex chromosomes in animals[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2025, 47(2): 200-210.

Figures/Tables 2

Fig. 1

Table 1

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物种	所有基因		一对一同源物基因
物种	S∶AA比率	是否存在剂量补偿	S∶AA比率	是否存在剂量补偿
人类(Homo sapiens)	0.52^*	否	0.55^*	否
黑猩猩(Pan troglodytes)	0.60	否	0.42^*	否
大猩猩(Gorilla gorilla)	0.56^*	否	0.34	否
苏门答腊猩猩(Pongo abelii)	0.46	否	-	-
猕猴(Macaca mulatta)	0.46^*	否	0.43^*	否
狒狒(Papio anubis)	0.58	否	0.53^*	否
绿猴(Chlorocebus sabaeus)	0.61^*	否	0.58	否
狨猴(Callithrix jacchus)	0.53^*	否	0.41^*	否
小鼠(Mus musculus)	0.47^*	否	0.55^*	否
家鼠(Rattus norvegicus)	0.56^*	否	0.40^*	否
兔(Oryctolagus cuniculus)	0.37	否	-	-
羊(Ovis aries)	0.59	否	0.55^*	否
牛(Bos taurus)	0.49^*	否	0.42^*	否
猪(Sus scrofa)	0.75	否	0.68^*	否
狗(Canis familiaris)	0.53^*	否	0.40	否
猫(Felis catus)	0.54^*	否	0.48^*	否
马(Equus caballus)	0.54^*	否	0.40^*	否
负鼠(Monodelphis domestica)	0.95^＃	是	0.47^*	否
斑胸草雀(Taeniopygia guttata)	0.63^*	否	-	-
火鸡(Meleagris gallopavo)	0.55^*	否	0.45^*	否
家鸡(Gallus gallus)	0.44^*	否	0.67^*	否
青鳉(Oryzias latipes)	0.85	是	1.06^＃	是
三棘刺鱼(Gastrosteus acureatus)	0.80^＃	是	0.91^＃	是
疟蚊(Anopheles gambiae)	1.00^＃	是	0.98^＃	是
非洲果蝇(Drosophila yakuba)	0.92^＃	是	1.05^＃	是
黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)	1.06^＃	是	1.04^＃	是
拟果蝇(Drosophila simulans)	0.93^＃	是	-	-

Dosage compensation of sex chromosomes in animals

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