遗传 ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 442-458.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.20-452
王才林, 张亚东, 赵春芳, 魏晓东, 姚姝, 周丽慧, 朱镇, 陈涛, 赵庆勇, 赵凌, 路凯, 梁文化
收稿日期:
2020-12-31
修回日期:
2021-03-01
出版日期:
2021-05-20
发布日期:
2021-03-15
作者简介:
王才林,博士,研究员,水稻遗传育种。E-mail: 基金资助:
Cailin Wang, Yadong Zhang, Chunfang Zhao, Xiaodong Wei, Shu Yao, Lihui Zhou, Zhen Zhu, Tao Chen, Qingyong Zhao, Ling Zhao, Kai Lu, Wenhua Liang
Received:
2020-12-31
Revised:
2021-03-01
Online:
2021-05-20
Published:
2021-03-15
Supported by:
摘要:
为了培育适合在江苏种植的优良食味粳稻品种,以优良食味为主攻目标,对江苏省优质、抗病、高产粳稻品种的遗传基础开展了系统研究。通过关联分析,研究稻米蒸煮品质、营养品质与食味品质的关系,明确直链淀粉含量是影响食味品质的关键性状。直链淀粉含量为10%~14%的半糯米米饭表面光泽透亮、质地柔软、富有弹性,综合了糯米的柔软性和粳米的弹性,冷饭不硬,食味品质极佳,符合长三角地区人们喜食柔软香型粳米的口感需求。筛选出直链淀粉含量在10%左右、含有低直链淀粉含量基因Wx mp的日本半糯粳稻品种“关东194”作为食味品质改良的核心种质。开发Wx mp基因的分子标记,结合利用与抗病、高产相关基因紧密连锁的分子标记,开展优良食味、抗病、高产粳稻聚合育种。育成适合江苏省不同稻区种植的南粳46、南粳5055、南粳9108和南粳5718等优良食味粳稻系列新品种通过审定,形成了覆盖江苏省不同稻区的优良食味粳稻品种布局,累计推广面积超过533万公顷,有力地促进了江苏省及周边地区优质稻米产业的发展,为水稻产业供给侧结构调整,提质增效,保障粮食安全作出了重要贡献。
王才林, 张亚东, 赵春芳, 魏晓东, 姚姝, 周丽慧, 朱镇, 陈涛, 赵庆勇, 赵凌, 路凯, 梁文化. 江苏省优良食味粳稻的遗传与育种研究[J]. 遗传, 2021, 43(5): 442-458.
Cailin Wang, Yadong Zhang, Chunfang Zhao, Xiaodong Wei, Shu Yao, Lihui Zhou, Zhen Zhu, Tao Chen, Qingyong Zhao, Ling Zhao, Kai Lu, Wenhua Liang. Inheritance and breeding of japonica rice with good eating quality in Jiangsu province[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2021, 43(5): 442-458.
表2
SSIIa和PUL等位基因蒸煮食味品质性状的遗传效应"
基因型 | F2直链 淀粉含量AC(%) | F3直链 淀粉含量AC(%) | 胶稠度 GC (mm) | 糊化 温度GT(℃) | 最高黏 度PKV (cP) | 热浆黏 度HPV (cP) | 崩解值BDV (cP) | 冷胶黏 度CPV (cP) | 消减值SBV (cP) | 回复值CSV (cP) | 峰值时 间PeT (min) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SSIIa2-SSIIa1 | 1.01 | 0.29 | -2.79 | 0.12 | 2 | 30 | -28 | 66 | 64 | 36 | 0.07 |
PUL2-PUL1 | 1.18 | 0.62 | -0.31 | -0.06 | 19 | 89 | -70 | 142 | 123 | 53 | 0.10 |
SSIIa1PUL2-SSIIa1PUL1 | 1.90 | 0.35 | -6.23 | -0.64 | -44 | 21 | -65 | 115 | 158 | 94 | 0.07 |
SSIIa2PUL1-SSIIa1PUL1 | 1.83 | 0.01 | -8.80 | -0.43 | -60 | -42 | -18 | 33 | 93 | 74 | 0.05 |
SSIIa2PUL2-SSIIa2PUL1 | 0.16 | 0.79 | 4.92 | 0.39 | 69 | 140 | -72 | 155 | 86 | 14 | 0.11 |
SSIIa2PUL2-SSIIa1PUL2 | 0.10 | 0.44 | 2.35 | 0.60 | 52 | 77 | -25 | 72 | 20 | -5 | 0.08 |
SSIIa2PUL2-SSIIa1PUL1 | 2.00 | 0.80 | -3.88 | -0.04 | 9 | 99 | -90 | 187 | 178 | 89 | 0.15 |
表3
南粳系列代表性品种及其亲本的食味品质、抗病、粒型相关性状的基因型"
品种 | 基因型 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wxmp | SSIIa | SSIIIa | PUL | Badh2 | Stv-bi | Pi-ta | Pi-b | Pi-km | GW5 | |
南粳46 | + | - | + | - | + | + | - | + | - | + |
南粳5055 | + | - | + | - | - | + | - | + | - | + |
南粳9108 | + | - | + | - | + | + | - | + | - | + |
南粳2728 | + | + | + | - | - | + | + | + | + | + |
南粳5718 | + | - | + | + | - | + | - | - | + | + |
南粳58 | + | - | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
武粳13 (亲本) | - | + | + | - | - | - | - | + | - | + |
武粳15 (亲本) | - | + | + | + | - | - | + | + | + | + |
武香粳14 (亲本) | - | - | + | - | + | - | - | + | - | - |
关东194 (亲本) | + | - | + | - | - | + | - | - | + | + |
表5
南粳系列半糯粳稻品种与其他粳稻品种食味品质及米饭质构特性比较"
品种类型 | 品种 | 食味特性 | 质构特性 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
外观 | 口感 | 综合食味值 | 硬度 | 黏性 | 弹性 | 平衡度 | ||
南粳粳稻 | 南粳46 | 8.40±0.14ab | 8.50±0.14a | 87.5±0.7a | 5.39±0.15e | 1.04±0.03ab | 0.78±0.02a | 0.19±0.01a |
南粳5718 | 8.50±0.00ab | 8.55±0.07a | 87.0±0.0a | 5.12±0.08f | 0.69±0.06e | 0.78±0.01a | 0.14±0.00d | |
南粳9108 | 7.65±0.07d | 7.95±0.07c | 84.5±0.7bc | 7.62±0.06ab | 1.01±0.04ab | 0.68±0.01b | 0.13±0.00de | |
南粳58 | 7.90±0.14c | 8.00±0.14c | 84.5±0.7bc | 4.60±0.09g | 0.69±0.05e | 0.78±0.01a | 0.15±0.01c | |
南粳505 | 7.50±0.14d | 7.75±0.07d | 83.5±0.7c | 5.14±0.11f | 0.68±0.08e | 0.79±0.01a | 0.13±0.02de | |
南粳2728 | 7.25±0.07e | 7.55±0.07e | 81.0±0.0d | 5.54±0.02e | 0.60±0.11f | 0.76±0.00ab | 0.11±0.02e | |
北方粳稻 | 金稻919 | 8.55±0.07a | 8.50±0.14a | 86.0±0.0ab | 5.16±0.04f | 0.77±0.04d | 0.65±0.04bc | 0.15±0.01c |
吉粳830 | 8.20±0.00b | 8.25±0.07c | 84.0±0.0bc | 5.49±0.06e | 1.00±0.03ab | 0.66±0.02b | 0.18±0.01ab | |
宁系791 | 8.25±0.07b | 8.15±0.07c | 83.5±0.7c | 7.03±0.12c | 0.94±0.01bc | 0.67±0.01b | 0.13±0.00de | |
垦稻97 | 8.40±0.00ab | 8.30±0.00bc | 83.0±1.4cd | 6.11±0.15d | 1.01±0.08ab | 0.66±0.01b | 0.16±0.01b | |
通系919 | 8.20±0.14b | 8.10±0.14c | 82.5±0.7cd | 7.77±0.03a | 1.12±0.11a | 0.65±0.08bc | 0.14±0.02d | |
日本粳稻 亲本 | 越光 | 8.35±0.07ab | 8.35±0.07ab | 84.5±0.7bc | 7.31±0.04bc | 0.89±0.12c | 0.60±0.04c | 0.12±0.02e |
武香粳14 | 7.80±.06c | 7.90±0.04c | 78.0±0.5e | 7.60±0.11ab | 0.85±0.04c | 0.62±0.01c | 0.11±0.01e | |
武粳13 | 7.81±0.05c | 7.72±0.05d | 75.1±0.3f | 7.32±0.07bc | 0.68±0.03e | 0.61±0.00c | 0.09±0.00f | |
关东194 | 8.00±0.02c | 8.40±0.07ab | 81.4±0.0d | 7.32±0.02bc | 1.10±0.05a | 0.75±0.02ab | 0.15±0.03 |
表6
南粳系列品种与其他粳稻品种的支链淀粉分支链比例的比较"
品种 | A链(DP6~12) | B1链(DP13~24) | B2链(DP25~36) | B3链(DP≥37) |
---|---|---|---|---|
南粳46 | 51.50±0.06b | 45.07±0.07f | 2.89±0.02ef | 0.54±0.02c |
南粳5055 | 50.08±0.01d | 46.45±0.01d | 2.87±0.02ef | 0.60±0.01bc |
南粳9108 | 50.45±0.08cd | 45.83±0.07e | 3.23±0.03c | 0.53±0.00c |
南粳2728 | 44.38±0.13f | 51.75±0.14a | 3.06±0.01d | 0.77±0.00a |
南粳58 | 50.17±0.80d | 45.65±0.80e | 3.30±0.01bc | 0.82±0.01a |
南粳3908 | 52.39±0.29a | 44.29±0.12g | 2.79±0.16f | 0.62±0.13b |
南粳晶谷 | 52.27±0.24a | 44.13±0.30g | 2.95±0.02de | 0.62±0.04b |
越光 | 50.94±0.06bc | 44.78±0.16f | 3.35±0.02b | 0.80±0.02a |
关东194 | 49.36±0.07e | 46.61±0.06d | 3.37±0.02b | 0.64±0.01b |
武粳13 | 45.77±0.06f | 49.83±0.07b | 3.64±0.02a | 0.76±0.02a |
武香粳14 | 48.81±0.09e | 47.29±0.04c | 3.05±0.01d | 0.63±0.02b |
稻花香 | 51.74±0.03b | 44.48±0.10f | 3.02±0.06d | 0.74±0.05a |
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