[1] The Lancet. Hypertension: an urgent need for global control and prevention. Lancet, 2014, 383(9932): 1861.
[2] James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison- Himmelfarb C, Handler J, Lackland DT, LeFevre ML, MacKenzie TD, Ogedegbe O, Smith SC Jr, Svetkey LP, Taler SJ, Townsend RR, Wright JT Jr, Narva AS, Ortiz E. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Com¬mittee (JNC 8). JAMA, 2014, 311(5): 507–520.
[3] Padmanabhan S, Newton-Cheh C, Dominiczak AF. Gene-tic basis of blood pressure and hypertension. Trends Genet, 2012, 28(8): 397–408.
[4] 《中国高血压防治指南》修订委员会. 中国高血压防治指南(2010 年修订版). 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2012.
[5] van Rijn MJ, Schut AF, Aulchenko YS, Deinum J, Sayed- Tabatabaei FA, Yazdanpanah M, Isaacs A, Axenovich TI, Zorkoltseva IV, Zillikens MC, Pols HA, Witteman JC, Oostra BA, van Duijn CM. Heritability of blood pressure traits and the genetic contribution to blood pressure variance explained by four blood-pressure-related genes. J Hypertens, 2007, 25(3): 565–570.
[6] Lifton RP, Gharavi AG, Geller DS. Molecular mechanisms of human hypertension. Cell, 2001, 104(4): 545–556.
[7] Basson J, Simino J, Rao DC. Between candidate genes and whole genomes: time for alternative approaches in blood pressure genetics. Curr Hypertens Rep, 2012, 14(1): 46–61.
[8] Kraja AT, Hunt SC, Rao DC, Dávila-Román VG, Arnett DK, Province MA. Genetics of hypertension and cardio¬vascular disease and their interconnected pathways: lessons from large studies. Curr Hypertens Rep, 2011, 13(1): 46–54.
[9] Ji LD, Zhang LN, Xu J. Genome-wide association studies of hypertension: Achievements, difficulties and strategies. World J Hypertens, 2011, 1(1): 10–14.
[10] Levy D, Ehret GB, Rice K, Verwoert GC, Launer LJ, Dehghan A, Glazer NL, Morrison AC, Johnson AD, Aspelund T, Aulchenko Y, Lumley T, Köttgen A, Vasan RS, Rivadeneira F, Eiriksdottir G, Guo XQ, Arking DE, Mitchell GF, Mattace-Raso FU, Smith AV, Taylor K, Scharpf RB, Hwang SJ, Sijbrands EJ, Bis J, Harris TB, Ganesh SK, O'Donnell CJ, Hofman A, Rotter JI, Coresh J, Benjamin EJ, Uitterlinden AG, Heiss G, Fox CS, Witteman JC, Boerwinkle E, Wang TJ, Gudnason V, Larson MG, Chakravarti A, Psaty BM, van Duijn CM. Genome-wide association study of blood pressure and hypertension. Nat Genet, 2009, 41(6): 677–687.
[11] Newton-Cheh C, Johnson T, Gateva V, Tobin MD, Bochud M, Coin L, Najjar SS, Zhao JH, Heath SC, Eyheramendy S, Papadakis K, Voight BF, Scott LJ, Zhang F, Farrall M, Tanaka T, Wallace C, Chambers JC, Khaw KT, Nilsson P, van der Harst P, Polidoro S, Grobbee DE, Onland-Moret NC, Bots ML, Wain LV, Elliott KS, Teumer A, Luan J, Lucas G, Kuusisto J, Burton PR, Hadley D, McArdle WL, Brown M, Dominiczak A, Newhouse SJ, Samani NJ, Webster J, Zeggini E, Beckmann JS, Bergmann S, Lim N, Song K, Vollenweider P, Waeber G, Waterworth DM, Yuan X, Groop L, Orho-Melander M, Allione A, Di Gregorio A, Guarrera S, Panico S, Ricceri F, Romanazzi V, Sacerdote C, Vineis P, Barroso I, Sandhu MS, Luben RN, Crawford GJ, Jousilahti P, Perola M, Boehnke M, Bonnycastle LL, Collins FS, Jackson AU, Mohlke KL, Stringham HM, Valle TT, Willer CJ, Bergman RN, Morken MA, Döring A, Gieger C, Illig T, Meitinger T, Org E, Pfeufer A, Wichmann HE, Kathiresan S, Marrugat J, O'Donnell CJ, Schwartz SM, Siscovick DS, Subirana I, Freimer NB, Hartikainen AL, McCarthy MI, O'Reilly PF, Peltonen L, Pouta A, de Jong PE, Snieder H, van Gilst WH, Clarke R, Goel A, Hamsten A, Peden JF, Seedorf U, Syvanen AC, Tognoni G, Lakatta EG, Sanna S, Scheet P, Schlessinger D, Scuteri A, Dorr M, Ernst F, Felix SB, Homuth G, Lorbeer R, Reffelmann T, Rettig R, Volker U, Galan P, Gut IG, Hercberg S, Lathrop GM, Zelenika D, Deloukas P, Soranzo N, Williams FM, Zhai GJ, Salomaa V, Laakso M, Elosua R, Forouhi NG, Völzke H, Uiterwaal CS, van der Schouw YT, Numans ME, Matullo G, Navis G, Berglund G, Bingham SA, Kooner JS, Connell JM, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, Watkins H, Spector TD, Tuomilehto J, Altshuler D, Strachan DP, Laan M, Meneton P, Wareham NJ, Uda M, Jarvelin MR, Mooser V, Melander O, Loos RJ, Elliott P, Abecasis GR, Caulfield M, Munroe PB. Genome-wide association study identifies eight loci associated with blood pressure. Nat Genet, 2009, 41(6): 666–676.
[12] Ehret GB, Munroe PB, Rice KM, Bochud M, Johnson AD, Chasman DI, Smith AV, Tobin MD, Verwoert GC, Hwang SJ, Pihur V, Vollenweider P, O'Reilly PF, Amin N, Bragg- Gresham JL, Teumer A, Glazer NL, Launer L, Zhao JH, Aulchenko Y, Heath S, Sober S, Parsa A, Luan J, Arora P, Dehghan A, Zhang F, Lucas G, Hicks AA, Jackson AU, Peden JF, Tanaka T, Wild SH, Rudan I, Igl W, Milaneschi Y, Parker AN, Fava C, Chambers JC, Fox ER, Kumari M, Go MJ, van der Harst P, Kao WH, Sjogren M, Vinay DG, Alexander M, Tabara Y, Shaw-Hawkins S, Whincup PH, Liu Y, Shi G, Kuusisto J, Tayo B, Seielstad M, Sim X, Nguyen KD, Lehtimaki T, Matullo G, Wu Y, Gaunt TR, Onland-Moret NC, Cooper MN, Platou CG, Org E, Hardy R, Dahgam S, Palmen J, Vitart V, Braund PS, Kuznetsova T, Uiterwaal CS, Adeyemo A, Palmas W, Campbell H, Ludwig B, Tomaszewski M, Tzoulaki I, Palmer ND, Aspelund T, Garcia M, Chang YP, O'Connell JR, Steinle NI, Grobbee DE, Arking DE, Kardia SL, Morrison AC, Hernandez D, Najjar S, McArdle WL, Hadley D, Brown MJ, Connell JM, Hingorani AD, Day IN, Lawlor DA, Beilby JP, Lawrence RW, Clarke R, Hopewell JC, Ongen H, Dreisbach AW, Li Y, Young JH, Bis JC, Kahonen M, Viikari J, Adair LS, Lee NR, Chen MH, Olden M, Pattaro C, Bolton JA, Kottgen A, Bergmann S, Mooser V, Chaturvedi N, Frayling TM, Islam M, Jafar TH, Erdmann J, Kulkarni SR, Bornstein SR, Grassler J, Groop L, Voight BF, Kettunen J, Howard P, Taylor A, Guarrera S, Ricceri F, Emilsson V, Plump A, Barroso I, Khaw KT, Weder AB, Hunt SC, Sun YV, Bergman RN, Collins FS, Bonnycastle LL, Scott LJ, Stringham HM, Peltonen L, Perola M, Vartiainen E, Brand SM, Staessen JA, Wang TJ, Burton PR, Artigas MS, Dong Y, Snieder H, Wang X, Zhu H, Lohman KK, Rudock ME, Heckbert SR, Smith NL, Wiggins KL, Doumatey A, Shriner D, Veldre G, Viigimaa M, Kinra S, Prabhakaran D, Tripathy V, Langefeld CD, Rosengren A, Thelle DS, Corsi AM, Singleton A, Forrester T, Hilton G, McKenzie CA, Salako T, Iwai N, Kita Y, Ogihara T, Ohkubo T, Okamura T, Ueshima H, Umemura S, Eyheramendy S, Meitinger T, Wichmann HE, Cho YS, Kim HL, Lee JY, Scott J, Sehmi JS, Zhang W, Hedblad B, Nilsson P, Smith GD, Wong A, Narisu N, Stancakova A, Raffel LJ, Yao J, Kathiresan S, O'Donnell CJ, Schwartz SM, Ikram MA, Longstreth WT, Jr., Mosley TH, Seshadri S, Shrine NR, Wain LV, Morken MA, Swift AJ, Laitinen J, Prokopenko I, Zitting P, Cooper JA, Humphries SE, Danesh J, Rasheed A, Goel A, Hamsten A, Watkins H, Bakker SJ, van Gilst WH, Janipalli CS, Mani KR, Yajnik CS, Hofman A, Mattace-Raso FU, Oostra BA, Demirkan A, Isaacs A, Rivadeneira F, Lakatta EG, Orru M, Scuteri A, Ala-Korpela M, Kangas AJ, Lyytikainen LP, Soininen P, Tukiainen T, Wurtz P, Ong RT, Dorr M, Kroemer HK, Volker U, Volzke H, Galan P, Hercberg S, Lathrop M, Zelenika D, Deloukas P, Mangino M, Spector TD, Zhai G, Meschia JF, Nalls MA, Sharma P, Terzic J, Kumar MV, Denniff M, Zukowska-Szczechowska E, Wagenknecht LE, Fowkes FG, Charchar FJ, Schwarz PE, Hayward C, Guo X, Rotimi C, Bots ML, Brand E, Samani NJ, Polasek O, Talmud PJ, Nyberg F, Kuh D, Laan M, Hveem K, Palmer LJ, van der Schouw YT, Casas JP, Mohlke KL, Vineis P, Raitakari O, Ganesh SK, Wong TY, Tai ES, Cooper RS, Laakso M, Rao DC, Harris TB, Morris RW, Dominiczak AF, Kivimaki M, Marmot MG, Miki T, Saleheen D, Chandak GR, Coresh J, Navis G, Salomaa V, Han BG, Zhu X, Kooner JS, Melander O, Ridker PM, Bandinelli S, Gyllensten UB, Wright AF, Wilson JF, Ferrucci L, Farrall M, Tuomilehto J, Pramstaller PP, Elosua R, Soranzo N, Sijbrands EJ, Altshuler D, Loos RJ, Shuldiner AR, Gieger C, Meneton P, Uitterlinden AG, Wareham NJ, Gudnason V, Rotter JI, Rettig R, Uda M, Strachan DP, Witteman JC, Hartikainen AL, Beckmann JS, Boerwinkle E, Vasan RS, Boehnke M, Larson MG, Jarvelin MR, Psaty BM, Abecasis GR, Chakravarti A, Elliott P, van Duijn CM, Newton-Cheh C, Levy D, Caulfield MJ, Johnson T, Tang H, Knowles J, Hlatky M, Fortmann S, Assimes TL, Quertermous T, Go A, Iribarren C, Absher D, Risch N, Myers R, Sidney S, Ziegler A, Schillert A, Bickel C, Sinning C, Rupprecht HJ, Lackner K, Wild P, Schnabel R, Blankenberg S, Zeller T, Munzel T, Perret C, Cambien F, Tiret L, Nicaud V, Proust C, Uitterlinden A, van Duijn C, Whitteman J, Cupples LA, Demissie-Banjaw S, Ramachandran V, Smith A, Folsom A, Morrison A, Chen IY, Bis J, Volcik K, Rice K, Taylor KD, Marciante K, Smith N, Glazer N, Heckbert S, Harris T, Lumley T, Kong A, Thorleifsson G, Thorgeirsson G, Holm H, Gulcher JR, Stefansson K, Andersen K, Gretarsdottir S, Thorsteinsdottir U, Preuss M, Schreiber S, Konig IR, Lieb W, Hengstenberg C, Schunkert H, Fischer M, Grosshennig A, Medack A, Stark K, Linsel-Nitschke P, Bruse P, Aherrahrou Z, Peters A, Loley C, Willenborg C, Nahrstedt J, Freyer J, Gulde S, Doering A, Meisinger C, Klopp N, Illig T, Meinitzer A, Tomaschitz A, Halperin E, Dobnig H, Scharnagl H, Kleber M, Laaksonen R, Pilz S, Grammer TB, Stojakovic T, Renner W, Marz W, Bohm BO, Winkelmann BR, Winkler K, Hoffmann MM, Siscovick DS, Musunuru K, Barbalic M, Guiducci C, Burtt N, Gabriel SB, Stewart AF, Wells GA, Chen L, Jarinova O, Roberts R, McPherson R, Dandona S, Pichard AD, Rader DJ, Devaney J, Lindsay JM, Kent KM, Qu L, Satler L, Burnett MS, Li M, Reilly MP, Wilensky R, Waksman R, Epstein S, Matthai W, Knouff CW, Waterworth DM, Hakonarson HH, Walker MC, Hall AS, Balmforth AJ, Wright BJ, Nelson C, Thompson JR, Ball SG, Felix JF, Demissie S, Loehr LR, Rosamond WD, Folsom AR, Benjamin E, Aulchenko YS, Haritunians T, Couper D, Murabito J, Wang YA, Stricker BH, Gottdiener JS, Chang PP, Willerson JT, Boger CA, Fuchsberger C, Gao X, Yang Q, Schmidt H, Ketkar S, Pare G, Atkinson EJ, Lohman K, Cornelis MC, Probst-Hensch NM, Kronenberg F, Tonjes A, Eiriksdottir G, Launer LJ, Rampersaud E, Mitchell BD, Struchalin M, Cavalieri M, Giallauria F, Metter J, de Boer J, Siscovick D, Zillikens MC, Feitosa M, Province M, de Andrade M, Turner ST, Wild PS, Schnabel RB, Wilde S, Munzel TF, Leak TS, Koenig W, Zgaga L, Zemunik T, Kolcic I, Minelli C, Hu FB, Johansson A, Zaboli G, Ellinghaus D, Imboden M, Nitsch D, Brandstatter A, Kollerits B, Kedenko L, Magi R, Stumvoll M, Kovacs P, Boban M, Campbell S, Endlich K, Nauck M, Badola S, Curhan GC, Franke A, Rochat T, Paulweber B, Wang W, Schmidt R, Shlipak MG, Borecki I, Kramer BK, Gyllensten U, Hastie N, Heid IM, Fox CS, Felix SB, Watzinger N, Homuth G, Aragam J, Zweiker R, Lind L, Rodeheffer RJ, Greiser KH, Deckers JW, Stritzke J, Lackner KJ, Ingelsson E, Kullo I, Haerting J, Reffelmann T, Redfield MM, Werdan K, Mitchell GF, Arnett DK, Blettner M, Friedrich N, Benjamin EJ, Lord GM, Gale DP, Wass MN, Ahmadi KR, Beckmann J, Bilo HJ, Cook HT, Cotlarciuc I, Davey Smith G, de Silva R, Deng G, Devuyst O, Dikkeschei LD, Dimkovic N, Dockrell M, Dominiczak A, Ebrahim S, Eggermann T, Floege J, Forouhi NG, Gansevoort RT, Han X, Homan van der Heide JJ, Hepkema BG, Hernandez-Fuentes M, Hypponen E, de Jong PE, Kleefstra N, Lagou V, Lapsley M, Luttropp K, Marechal C, Nordfors L, Penninx BW, Perucha E, Pouta A, Roderick PJ, Ruokonen A, Sanna S, Schalling M, Schless¬inger D, Schlieper G, Seelen MA, Smit JH, Stenvinkel P, Sternberg MJ, Swaminathan R, Ubink-Veltmaat LJ, Wallace C, Waterworth D, Zerres K, Waeber G, Maxwell PH, McCarthy MI, Lightstone L. Genetic variants in novel pathways influence blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk. Nature, 2011, 478(7367): 103–109.
[13] Kelly TN, Takeuchi F, Tabara Y, Edwards TL, Kim YJ, Chen P, Li HX, Wu Y, Yang CF, Zhang YH, Gu DF, Katsuya T, Ohkubo T, Gao YT, Go MJ, Teo YY, Lu L, Lee NR, Chang LC, Peng H, Zhao Q, Nakashima E, Kita Y, Shu XO, Kim NH, Tai ES, Wang YQ, Adair LS, Chen CH, Zhang SH, Li CW, Nabika T, Umemura S, Cai QY, Cho YS, Wong TY, Zhu JW, Wu JY, Gao X, Hixson JE, Cai H, Lee J, Cheng CY, Rao DC, Xiang YB, Cho MC, Han BG, Wang AL, Tsai FJ, Mohlke K, Lin X, Ikram MK, Lee JY, Zheng W, Tetsuro M, Kato N, He J. Genome-wide association study meta-analysis reveals transethnic replication of mean arterial and pulse pressure loci. Hypertension, 2013, 62(5): 853–859.
[14] Kato N, Takeuchi F, Tabara Y, Kelly TN, Go MJ, Sim X, Tay WT, Chen CH, Zhang Y, Yamamoto K, Katsuya T, Yokota M, Kim YJ, Ong RT, Nabika T, Gu D, Chang LC, Kokubo Y, Huang W, Ohnaka K, Yamori Y, Nakashima E, Jaquish CE, Lee JY, Seielstad M, Isono M, Hixson JE, Chen YT, Miki T, Zhou XY, Sugiyama T, Jeon JP, Liu JJ, Takayanagi R, Kim SS, Aung T, Sung YJ, Zhang XG, Wong TY, Han BG, Kobayashi S, Ogihara T, Zhu DL, Iwai N, Wu JY, Teo YY, Tai ES, Cho YS, He J. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies common variants associated with blood pressure variation in east Asians. Nat Genet, 2011, 43(6): 531–538.
[15] Evangelou E, Ioannidis JPA. Meta-analysis methods for genome-wide association studies and beyond. Nat Rev Genet, 2013, 14(6): 379–389.
[16] Ehret GB. Genome-wide association studies: contribution of genomics to understanding blood pressure and essential hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep, 2010, 12(1): 17–25.
[17] Xu J, Ji LD, Zhang LN, Dong CZ, Fei LJ, Hua S, Tsai JY, Zhang YP. Lack of association between STK39 and hypertension in the Chinese population. J Hum Hypertens, 2013, 27(5): 294–297.
[18] Franceschini N, Fox E, Zhang ZG, Edwards TL, Nalls MA, Sung YJ, Tayo BO, Sun YV, Gottesman O, Adeyemo A, Johnson AD, Young JH, Rice K, Duan Q, Chen F, Li Y, Tang H, Fornage M, Keene KL, Andrews JS, Smith JA, Faul JD, Zhang GF, Guo W, Liu Y, Murray SS, Musani SK, Srinivasan S, Velez Edwards DR, Wang HM, Becker LC, Bovet P, Bochud M, Broeckel U, Burnier M, Carty C, Chasman DI, Ehret G, Chen WM, Chen G, Chen W, Ding JZ, Dreisbach AW, Evans MK, Guo XQ, Garcia ME, Jensen R, Keller MF, Lettre G, Lotay V, Martin LW, Moore JH, Morrison AC, Mosley TH, Ogunniyi A, Palmas W, Papanicolaou G, Penman A, Polak JF, Ridker PM, Salako B, Singleton AB, Shriner D, Taylor KD, Vasan R, Wiggins K, Williams SM, Yanek LR, Zhao W, Zonderman AB, Becker DM, Berenson G, Boerwinkle E, Bottinger E, Cushman M, Eaton C, Nyberg F, Heiss G, Hirschhron JN, Howard VJ, Karczewsk KJ, Lanktree MB, Liu K, Liu YM, Loos R, Margolis K, Snyder M, Asian Genetic Epide¬miology Network C, Psaty BM, Schork NJ, Weir DR, Rotimi CN, Sale MM, Harris T, Kardia SLR, Hunt SC, Arnett D, Redline S, Cooper RS, Risch NJ, Rao DC, Rotter JI, Chakravarti A, Reiner AP, Levy D, Keating BJ, Zhu XF. Genome-wide association analysis of blood- pressure traits in African-ancestry individuals reveals com¬mon associated genes in African and non-African populations. Am J Hum Genet, 2013, 93(3): 545–554.
[19] Wang XL, Prins BP, Sõber S, Laan M, Snieder H. Beyond genome-wide association studies: new strategies for identifying genetic determinants of hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep, 2011, 13(6): 442–451.
[20] Simino J, Rao DC, Freedman BI. Novel findings and future directions on the genetics of hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens, 2012, 21(5): 500–507.
[21] Cavalli-Sforza LL, Feldman MW. The application of molecular genetic approaches to the study of human evolu-tion. Nat Genet, 2003, 33(Suppl.3): 266–275.
[22] McDougall I, Brown FH, Fleagle JG. Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia. Nature, 2005, 433(7027): 733–736.
[23] McEvoy BP, Powell JE, Goddard ME, Visscher PM. Human population dispersal "Out of Africa" estimated from linkage disequilibrium and allele frequencies of SNPs. Genome Res, 2011, 21(6): 821–829.
[24] Ke YH, Su B, Song XF, Lu DR, Chen LF, Li HY, Qi CJ, Marzuki S, Deka R, Underhill P, Xiao CJ, Shriver M, Lell J, Wallace D, Wells RS, Seielstad M, Oefner P, Zhu DL, Jin JZ, Huang W, Chakraborty R, Chen Z, Jin L. African origin of modern humans in East Asia: a tale of 12, 000 Y chromosomes. Science, 2001, 292(5519): 1151–1153.
[25] Bowler JM, Johnston H, Olley JM, Prescott JR, Roberts RG, Shawcross W, Spooner NA. New ages for human occupation and climatic change at Lake Mungo, Australia. Nature, 2003, 421(6925): 837–840.
[26] Pitulko VV, Nikolsky PA, Girya EY, Basilyan AE, Tumskoy VE, Koulakov SA, Astakhov SN, Pavlova EY, Anisimov MA. The Yana RHS site: humans in the Arctic before the last glacial maximum. Science, 2004, 303(5654): 52–56.
[27] Fumagalli M, Pozzoli U, Cagliani R, Comi GP, Riva S, Clerici M, Bresolin N, Sironi M. Parasites represent a major selective force for interleukin genes and shape the genetic predisposition to autoimmune conditions. J Exp Med, 2009, 206(6): 1395–1408.
[28] Tishkoff SA, Reed FA, Ranciaro A, Voight BF, Babbitt CC, Silverman JS, Powell K, Mortensen HM, Hirbo JB, Osman M, Ibrahim M, Omar SA, Lema G, Nyambo TB, Ghori J, Bumpstead S, Pritchard JK, Wray GA, Deloukas P. Convergent adaptation of human lactase persistence in Africa and Europe. Nat Genet, 2007, 39(1): 31–40.
[29] Young JH, Chang YP, Kim JDO, Chretien JP, Klag MJ, Levine MA, Ruff CB, Wang NY, Chakravarti A. Differential susceptibility to hypertension is due to selection during the out-of-Africa expansion. PLoS Genet, 2005, 1(6): e82.
[30] Cagliani R, Sironi M. Pathogen-driven selection in the human genome. Int J Evol Biol, 2013, 2013: 204240.
[31] Ranciaro A, Campbell MC, Hirbo JB, Ko WY, Froment A, Anagnostou P, Kotze MJ, Ibrahim M, Nyambo T, Omar SA, Tishkoff SA. Genetic origins of lactase persistence and the spread of pastoralism in Africa. Am J Hum Genet, 2014, 94(4): 496–510.
[32] Jablonski NG, Chaplin G. Human skin pigmentation, migration and disease susceptibility. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 2012, 367(1590): 785–792.
[33] Jobling MA. The impact of recent events on human genetic diversity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 2012, 367(1590): 793–799.
[34] McGraw J, Waller D. Cytochrome P450 variations in different ethnic populations. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol, 2012, 8(3): 371–382.
[35] Casanova JL, Abel L, Quintana-Murci L. Human TLRs and IL-1Rs in host defense: natural insights from evolutionary, epidemiological, and clinical genetics. Annu Rev Immunol, 2011, 29: 447–491.
[36] Jobling M, Hollox E, Hurles M, Kivisild T, Tyler-Smith C. Human evolutionary genetics (2nd edition). New York: Garland Science, 2013.
[37] Canfield VA, Berg A, Peckins S, Wentzel SM, Ang KC, Oppenheimer S, Cheng KC. Molecular phylogeography of a human autosomal skin color locus under natural selec¬tion. G3 (Bethesda), 2013, 3(11): 2059–2067.
[38] Wallace DC, Chalkia D. Mitochondrial DNA genetics and the heteroplasmy conundrum in evolution and disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, 2013, 5(11): a021220.
[39] Quintana-Murci L, Clark AG. Population genetic tools for dissecting innate immunity in humans. Nat Rev Immunol, 2013, 13(4): 280–293.
[40] Neel JV. Diabetes mellitus: a "thrifty" genotype rendered detrimental by "progress"? Am J Hum Genet, 1962, 14(4): 353–362.
[41] Neel JV, Weder AB, Julius S. Type II diabetes, essential hypertension, and obesity as "syndromes of impaired genetic homeostasis": the "thrifty genotype" hypothesis enters the 21st century. Perspect Biol Med, 1998, 42(1): 44–74.
[42] Ladell WSS. Terrestrial animals in humid heat: Man. In: Dill DB, Adolph EF, Wilber CG (eds). Handbook of phy¬siology, section 4: Adaption to the environment. Washington DC: American Physiological Society, 1964, 625–659.
[43] Sawka MN, Montain SJ, Latzka WA. Hydration effects on thermoregulation and performance in the heat. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol, 2001, 128(4): 679–690.
[44] Makinen TM. Different types of cold adaptation in humans. Front Biosci (Schol Ed), 2010, 2: 1047–1067.
[45] Stein CM, Lang CC, Singh I, He HB, Wood AJJ. Increased vascular adrenergic vasoconstriction and decreased vasod-ilation in blacks. Additive mechanisms leading to enhanced vascular reactivity. Hypertension, 2000, 36(6): 945–951.
[46] Burt VL, Whelton P, Roccella EJ, Brown C, Cutler JA, Higgins M, Horan MJ, Labarthe D. Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population. Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1991. Hypertension, 1995, 25(3): 305–313.
[47] Tu WZ, Pratt JH. A consideration of genetic mechani-sms behind the development of hypertension in blacks. Curr Hypertens Rep, 2013, 15(2): 108–113.
[48] Nakajima T, Wooding S, Sakagami T, Emi M, Tokunaga K, Tamiya G, Ishigami T, Umemura S, Munkhbat B, Jin F, Guan-Jun J, Hayasaka I, Ishida T, Saitou N, Pavelka K, Lalouel JM, Jorde LB, Inoue I. Natural selection and population history in the human angiotensinogen gene (AGT): 736 complete AGT sequences in chromosomes from around the world. Am J Hum Genet, 2004, 74(5): 898–916.
[49] Thompson EE, Kuttab-Boulos H, Witonsky D, Yang L, Roe BA, Di Rienzo A. CYP3A variation and the evolution of salt-sensitivity variants. Am J Hum Genet, 2004, 75(6): 1059–1069.
[50] Weder AB. Evolution and hypertension. Hypertension, 2007, 49(2): 260–265.
[51] Su B, Xiao JH, Underhill P, Deka R, Zhang WL, Akey J, Huang W, Shen D, Lu DR, Luo JC, Chu JY, Tan JZ, Shen PD, Davis R, Cavalli-Sforza L, Chakraborty R, Xiong MM, Du RF, Oefner P, Chen Z, Jin L. Y-Chromosome evidence for a northward migration of modern humans into Eastern Asia during the last Ice Age. Am J Hum Genet, 1999, 65(6): 1718–1724.
[52] Kong QP, Yao YG, Sun C, Bandelt HJ, Zhu CL, Zhang YP. Phylogeny of east Asian mitochondrial DNA lineages inferred from complete sequences. Am J Hum Genet, 2003, 73(3): 671–676.
[53] Yao YG, Kong QP, Bandelt HJ, Kivisild T, Zhang YP. Phylogeographic differentiation of mitochondrial DNA in Han Chinese. Am J Hum Genet, 2002, 70(3): 635–651.
[54] Abdulla MA, Ahmed I, Assawamakin A, Bhak J, Brahmachari SK, Calacal GC, Chaurasia A, Chen CH, Chen J, Chen YT, Chu J, Cutiongco-de la Paz EM, De Ungria MC, Delfin FC, Edo J, Fuchareon S, Ghang H, Gojobori T, Han J, Ho SF, Hoh BP, Huang W, Inoko H, Jha P, Jinam TA, Jin L, Jung J, Kangwanpong D, Kampuansai J, Kennedy GC, Khurana P, Kim HL, Kim K, Kim S, Kim WY, Kimm K, Kimura R, Koike T, Kulawonganunchai S, Kumar V, Lai PS, Lee JY, Lee S, Liu ET, Majumder PP, Mandapati KK, Marzuki S, Mitchell W, Mukerji M, Naritomi K, Ngamphiw C, Niikawa N, Nishida N, Oh B, Oh S, Ohashi J, Oka A, Ong R, Padilla CD, Palit¬tapongarnpim P, Perdigon HB, Phipps ME, Png E, Sakaki Y, Salvador JM, Sandraling Y, Scaria V, Seielstad M, Sidek MR, Sinha A, Srikummool M, Sudoyo H, Sugano S, Suryadi H, Suzuki Y, Tabbada KA, Tan A, Tokunaga K, Tongsima S, Villamor LP, Wang E, Wang Y, Wang H, Wu JY, Xiao H, Xu S, Yang JO, Shugart YY, Yoo HS, Yuan W, Zhao G, Zilfalil BA. Mapping human genetic diversity in Asia. Science, 2009, 326(5959): 1541–1545.
[55] Horiuchi M, Iwanami J, Mogi M. Regulation of angio¬tensin II receptors beyond the classical pathway. Clin Sci (Lond), 2012, 123(4): 193–203.
[56] Savoia C, Volpe M. Angiotensin receptor modulation and cardiovascular remodeling. J Renin Angiotensin Aldo-sterone Syst, 2011, 12(3): 381–384.
[57] de la Sierra A, Barrios V. Blood pressure control with angiotensin receptor blocker-based three-drug combina-tions: key trials. Adv Ther, 2012, 29(5): 401–415.
[58] Ji LD, Xu J, Zhang YP. Environmental adaptation studies in human populations (in Chinese). Chin Sci Bull (Chin Ver), 2012, 57(2–3): 112–119.
[59] Jeong C, Di Rienzo A. Adaptations to local environments in modern human populations. Curr Opin Genet Dev, 2014, 29: 1–8.
[60] Ji LD, Qiu YQ, Xu J, Irwin DM, Tam SC, Tang NL, Zhang YP. Genetic adaptation of the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway to oxygen pressure among eurasian human pop-ulations. Mol Biol Evol, 2012, 29(11): 3359–3370.