[1] S trahl BD, Allis CD. The language of covalent histone modifications. Nature, 2000, 403(6765): 41-45.[2] Claussen U. Chromosomics. Cytogenet Genome Res, 2005, 111(2): 101-106.[3] Higgs DR, Vernimmen D, Hughes J, Gibbons R. Using genomics to study how chromatin influences gene expression. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet, 2007, 8: 299-325.[4] Li QL, Peterson KR, Fang XD, Stamatoyannopoulos G. Locus control regions. Blood, 2002, 100(9): 3077-3086.[5] Cockerill PN. Structure and function of active chromatin and DNase I hypersensitive sites. FEBS J, 2011, 278(13): 2182-2210.[6] Wang L, Di LJ, Lv X, Zheng W, Xue Z, Guo ZC, Liu DP, Liang CC. Inter-mar association contributes to transcriptionally active looping events in human β-globin gene cluster. PLoS One, 2009, 4(2): e4629.[7] Liu JW, Tabe LM. The influences of two plant nuclear matrix attachment regions (mars) on gene expression in transgenic plants. Plant Cell Physiol, 1998, 39(1): 115-123.[8] Arya G, Maitra A, Grigoryev SA. A structural perspective on the where, how, why, and what of nucleosome positioning. J Biomol Struct Dyn, 2010, 27(6): 803-820.[9] Jiang CZ, Pugh BF. Nucleosome positioning and gene regulation: Advances through genomics. Nat Rev Genet, 2009, 10(3): 161-172.[10] Lomvardas S, Thanos D. Modifying gene expression programs by altering core promoter chromatin architecture. Cell, 2002, 110(2): 261-271.[11] Zhao XY, Pendergrast PS, Hernandez N. A positioned nucleosome on the human U6 promoter allows recruitment of SNAPc by the Oct-1 POU domain. Mol Cell, 2001, 7(3): 539-549.[12] Boyes J, Omichinski J, Clark D, Pikaart M, Felsenfeld G. Perturbation of nucleosome structure by the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1. J Mol Biol, 1998, 279(3): 529-544.[13] Ng KW, Ridgway P, Cohen DR, Tremethick DJ. The binding of a fos/jun heterodimer can completely disrupt the structure of a nucleosome. EMBO J, 1997, 16(8): 2072-2085.[14] Li B, Carey M, Workman JL. The role of chromatin during transcription. Cell, 2007, 128(4): 707-719.[15] Barth TK, Imhof A. Fast signals and slow marks: The dynamics of histone modifications. Trends Biochem Sci, 2010, 35(11): 618-626.[16] Guenther MG, Levine SS, Boyer LA, Jaenisch R, Young RA. A chromatin landmark and transcription initiation at most promoters in human cells. Cell, 2007, 130(1): 77-88.[17] Kouzarides T. Chromatin modifications and their function. Cell, 2007, 128(4): 693-705.[18] Bannister AJ, Kouzarides T. Regulation of chromatin by histone modifications. Cell Res, 2011, 21(3): 381-395.[19] Kiefer CM, Hou C, Little JA, Dean A. Epigenetics of beta-globin gene regulation. Mutat Res, 2008, 647(1-2): 68-76.[20] Choy JS, Wei SJ, Lee JY, Tan S, Chu S, Lee TH. DNA methylation increases nucleosome compaction and rigidity. J Am Chem Soc, 2010, 132(6): 1782-1783.[21] Ørom UA, Derrien T, Beringer M, Gumireddy K, Gardini A, Bussotti G, Lai F, Zytnicki M, Notredame C, Huang QH, Guigo R, Shiekhattar R. Long noncoding rnas with enhancer-like function in human cells. Cell, 2010, 143(1): 46-58.[22] Qureshi IA, Mehler MF. Non-coding rna networks underlying cognitive disorders across the lifespan. Trends Mol Med, 2011, 17(6): 337-346.[23] Khalil AM, Guttman M, Huarte M, Garber M, Raj A, Morales DR, Thomas K, Presser A, Bernstein BE, van Oudenaarden A, Regev A, Lander ES, Rinn JL. Many human large intergenic noncoding rnas associate with chromatin-modifying complexes and affect gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2009, 106(28): 11667-11672.[24] Wang KC, Yang YW, Liu B, Sanyal A, Corces-Zimmerman R, Chen Y, Lajoie BR, Protacio A, Flynn RA, Gupta RA, Wysocka J, Lei M, Dekker J, Helms JA, Chang HY. A lon |