哺乳动物毛色调控机制及其适应性进化研究进展

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.20-390

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Hereditas(Beijing) ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 118-133.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.20-390

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Progress on coat color regulation mechanism and its association with the adaptive evolution in mammals

Yuxing Zhang¹(), Hong Wu¹(), Li Yu¹()

¹ School of Life Sciences of Yunnan University, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China

Received:2020-11-18 Online:2021-02-16 Published:2021-01-29
Supported by:
the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(31925006);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91731311)

Abstract

Abstract:

The various coat colorations exhibited in different mammalian groups is an attractive biological phenomenon, and is also one of the excellent models for studying and understanding mammalian adaptive evolution. Coat color polymorphism in mammals plays an important role in avoiding predator, predation, courtship, and protection against UV radiation. The coloration of hair or coat in mammal is determined by the quantity, quality and distribution of melanin in the body. Pigmentation in cells is a complicated cell process, including the differentiation and maturation of melanocytes, the morphogenesis of melanosome, the anabolism of melanin and the transportation of melanin in melanocytes. Every stage or phase of pigmentation in cells can always proceed with the participation of some important functional genes. The complex regulatory network formed through interactions between these genes has greatly led to different coat colors. With the coat color polymorphisms, mammals can adapt to various environments. Revealing the genetic basis of different coat colors in mammals has been an important research focus in genetics and evolutionary biology. In this review, we summarize the main advance in molecular mechanisms of pigmentation in cells and the genetic basis of coloration-related adaptations in mammals. Our review is expected to provide new clues for molecular mechanism studies on coat color polymorphism and adaptive evolutions in mammals.

Key words: coat color, melanogenesis, genetic basis, adaptive evolution

Yuxing Zhang, Hong Wu, Li Yu. Progress on coat color regulation mechanism and its association with the adaptive evolution in mammals[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2021, 43(2): 118-133.

Figures/Tables 2

Fig. 1

Table 1

Summary of studies on coat polymorphism and the genetic basis of adaptive evolution"

适应性状	物种		表型特征	基因	参考文献
躲避天敌	雪鞋兔(Lepus americanus)		棕色	ASIP	[76, 77]
	北极狐(Alopex lagopus)		白色	MC1R	[78]
	非洲条纹鼠(Rhabdomys pumilio)		深浅交替分布的条纹	Alx3	[79, 80]
	岩小囊鼠(Chaetodipus intermedius)		深色毛发	MC1R	[8, 81]
捕食	白灵熊(Ursus americanus kermodei)		白色	MC1R	[82, 83]
	非洲猎犬(Lycaon pictus)		黑色、白色、黄色	MYO5A、HPS6、PAH	[84]
	猫科动物(Felidae)		黑、黄斑纹	Taqpep、EDN3	[85, 86]
紫外辐射	猪(Sus scrofa domesticus)	藏猪	黑色	MC1R	[16]
紫外辐射	山羊(Capra aegagrus hircus)	西藏绒山羊	黑色	KITLG	[91]
人工选择	猪(Sus scrofa domesticus)	通城猪	两头乌	MITF、EDNRB	[96]
	猪(Sus scrofa domesticus)	滇南小耳猪	六白	EDNRB、CNTLN、PINK1	[97]
	水牛(Bubalus bubalis)		白色	ASIP	[98]
	水牛(Bubalus bubalis)		白色斑点	MITF	[99]
	家犬(Canis lupus familiaris)		白色、浅黄色、紫貂色	ASIP	[100, 101]
			棕色	TYRP1	[100, 101]
			黑色	CBD103	[100, 101]
			毛色稀释	MLPH	[100, 101]
			斑点	SILV、MITF	[100, 101]
			黄色	MC1R	[102]
	家马(Equus ferus caballus)		黑色、栗色、骝毛	MC1R、ASIP	[103~ 105]
	家马(Equus ferus caballus)		奶酪色、珍珠色、白斑	SLC45A2、PMEL、 KIT、EDNRB、MITF	[103~ 105]
	家兔(Oryctolagus cuniculus f.domesticus)		灰色	TYR	[106]
	獭兔(Oryctolagus cuniculus)		白色、黑色、棕色、灰色、灰黄色	KIT	[111]
	绵羊(Ovis aries)		黑色、白色	TYR、TYRP1	[107]
	山羊(Capra aegagrus hircus)	南江黄羊	黄色/黄褐色, 背脊有黑色条带	RALY、EIF2S2	[91]
	山羊(Capra aegagrus hircus)	美姑山羊	黑色	IRF4、EXOC2	[91]
	美洲驼(Lama glama)		白色斑点	MITF	[108]
	阿拉伯骆驼(Camelus dromedarius)		白斑	KIT	[109]
	羊驼(Vicugna pacos)		棕色	miR-211、miR-184、miR-486、 miR-885、 miR-451、miR-451	[113]
	羊驼(Vicugna pacos)		白色	miR-202、miR-542-5p、miR-424、miR-370、miR-22-3p、miR-143-5p、miR-101a-3p、miR-144a-3p、miR-380-3p	[113~ 116]
	蓝狐(Alopex lagopus)		白色	KIT	[110]
	驴(Equus asinus)		黑色、栗色	TBX3	[112]

Table 1

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Progress on coat color regulation mechanism and its association with the adaptive evolution in mammals

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