靶向RNA的CRISPR/Cas系统及衍生技术

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.24-311

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Hereditas(Beijing) ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (8): 842-860.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-311

• Review • Previous Articles Next Articles

CRISPR/Cas system targeting RNA and its derivative technology

Xun Zhou¹^,²^,³(), Shijie Zhou¹^,²^,³, Jie Liu¹^,²^,³, Yuxiang Wang¹^,²^,³()

1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
2. Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
3. Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China

Received:2024-11-01 Revised:2025-02-23 Online:2025-08-20 Published:2025-04-27
Contact: Yuxiang Wang E-mail:s230502025@neau.edn.cn;wyx2000@neau.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1300100)

Abstract

Abstract:

RNA editing is one of the important research directions in the field of epigenetics. With further research, scientists have discovered that the CRISPR/Cas system can target not only DNA but also RNA, thereby achieving precise gene editing at the transcriptional level. Moreover, using the CRISPR/Cas system for RNA editing can also avoid damage to genome. At present, a variety of derivative technologies based on RNA-targeting CRISPR systems have been developed, including RNA knockdown and editing, nucleic acid detection and imaging, and RNA tracking. The emergence of these derivative technologies provides powerful tools for deciphering biological genetic mechanisms and disease treatment. In this review, we summarize the structure, function, mechanisms, and derived technologies of RNA-targeting CRISPR/Cas systems, aiming to enrich people’s understanding of CRISPR/Cas-mediated RNA editing.

Key words: gene editing, CRISPR/Cas system, RNA, function and application

Xun Zhou, Shijie Zhou, Jie Liu, Yuxiang Wang. CRISPR/Cas system targeting RNA and its derivative technology[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2025, 47(8): 842-860.

Figures/Tables 12

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大类	型	亚型	包含的Cas蛋白	主要靶向的目标
第一类	I型	I-A、I-B、I-C、I-D、I-E、I-F1、I-F2、I-F3	Cas1、Cas2、Cas3、Cas4、Cas5、Cas6、Cas7、Cas8	ssDNA
	III型	III-A、III-B、III-C、III-D、III-E、III-F	Cas1、Cas2、Cas5、Cas6、Cas7、Cas10、Cas11	ssDNA和ssRNA
	IV型	IV-A、IV-B、IV-C	Cas1、Cas2、Cas5、Cas6、Cas7	—
	VII型(候选成员)	—	Cas5、Cas7、Cas6、Cas14	ssRNA
第二类	II型	II-A、II-B、II-C1、II-C2(效应蛋白都称为Cas9)	Cas1、Cas2、Cas4、Cas9	dsDNA
	V型	V-A(Cas12a)、V-B(Cas12b)、V-C(Cas12c)、V-D(Cas12d)、V-E(Cas13e)、V-F1(Cas14a)、V-U3(C2c10)、V-F2(Cas14b)、V-F3(Cas14c)、V-G(Cas12g)、V-U1(C2c4)、V-U2(C2c8)、V-U4(C2c9)、V-K/V-U5(C2c5)	Cas1、Cas2、Cas4、Cas12	ssDNA和dsDNA
	VI型	VI-A(Cas13a)、VI-B1(Cas1b1)、VI-B2(Cas13b2)、VI-C(Cas13c)、VI-D(Cas13d)	Cas1、Cas2、Cas13	ssRNA

分类	复合物类型	特异性 ssRNase 活性	ssDNase 活性	合成cOAs (造成非特异性RNA 切割)	核心 Cas蛋白	Csm/Cmr复合物的组成	共同的 Cas蛋白	不同的 Cas蛋白
III-A	Csm	是	是	是	Cas10	Cas5(Csm4)、Cas7(Csm3/Csm5)、Cas10(Csm1)、Cas11(Csm2)	除III-E系统只有Cas7和Cas11外，其他5个III型系统都包含Cas5、Cas7、Cas10和Cas11这4个Cas蛋白	Cas1、Cas2 每个亚型携带的辅助蛋白
III-B	Cmr	是	是	是	Cas10	Cas5(Cmr3)、Cas7(Cmr4/Cmr1/Cmr6)、Cas10(Cmr2)、Cas11(Cmr5)
III-C	Cmr	是	是	否	Cas10	Cas5(Cmr3)、Cas7(Cmr4/Cmr1/Cmr6)、Cas10(Cmr2)、Cas11(Cmr5)
III-D	Csm	是	否	是	Cas10	Cas5(Csm4)、Cas7(Csm3/Csm5)、Cas10(Csm1)、Cas11(Csm2)
III-E	Csm	是	否	否	Cas7和 Cas11	Cas7和Cas11
III-F	Csm	否	是	是	Cas10	Cas5(Csm4)、Cas7(Csm3)、 Cas10(Csm1)、Cas11(Csm2)

CRISPR/Cas system targeting RNA and its derivative technology

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