遗传 ›› 2017, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 263-275.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.16-380

• 综述 •    下一篇

胎盘发育过程中的表观遗传学改变及其相关疾病

刘福林1(),周瑾2,张蔚1,3(),汪晖2,3()   

  1. 1. 武汉大学人民医院,武汉 430060
    2. 武汉大学基础医学院药理学系,武汉 430071
    3. 武汉大学发育源性疾病湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430071
  • 收稿日期:2016-11-13 修回日期:2017-02-23 出版日期:2017-04-20 发布日期:2017-02-27
  • 作者简介:刘福林,硕士研究生,专业方向：妇产科学。E-mail: liufulin@whu.edu.cn|张蔚,博士,教授,博士生导师,专业方向：妇产科学。E-mail: zw6676@163.com|汪晖,博士,教授,博士生导师,专业方向：药物靶标与新药研发、外源物发育毒理。E-mail: wanghui19@whu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国际(地区)合作与交流项目(30830112);国家自然科学基金重点项目(81430089)

Epigenetic regulation and related diseases during placental development

Fulin Liu1(),Jin Zhou2,Wei Zhang1,3(),Hui Wang2,3(),   

  1. 1. Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
    2. Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
    3. Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
  • Received:2016-11-13 Revised:2017-02-23 Published:2017-04-20 Online:2017-02-27
  • Supported by:
    the Funds for International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30830112);The Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(81430089)

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摘要：

胎盘介于胎儿与母体之间,是维持胎儿宫内生长发育的重要器官。在胎盘的正常发育过程中,子宫正常蜕膜化、滋养层细胞粘附与侵袭、胎盘血管生成与形成、胎盘印记基因表达都受到表观遗传修饰(如DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、非编码RNA等)的调控。研究已经证实环境因素如重金属、化合物、现代辅助生殖技术、营养物质均可导致胎盘上多种基因的表观遗传修饰异常。此外,胎盘基因表达存在性别差异也可能与表观遗传修饰有关。目前,在临床上可运用产前DNA甲基化水平分析技术检测异常的表观遗传修饰,并在疾病早期发现并做出诊断,从而为疾病预防及治疗提供依据。本文对胎盘正常发育过程中表观遗传修饰的调控及环境因素所致的胎盘基因表观遗传改变进行了综述,以期对胎盘相关疾病的诊断与治疗提供借鉴和参考。

关键词: 胎盘, 表观遗传, 印记基因, 环境因素, 产前诊断

Abstract:

The placenta is vital to fetal growth and development, as it bridges the fetus and the mother. Genome-wide epigenetic regulations (e.g., DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs) participate in many aspects of placenta development, including decidua of the uterus, trophoblast cell adhesion and invasion, angiogenesis and placental imprinted gene expression. Environmental factors during pregnancy, such as heavy metals, chemical compounds, modern assisted reproductive technology and the nutrient conditions, may cause abnormal placental epigenetics. Furthermore, sex differential expression of placental genes also contributes to epigenetic modifications. As prenatal DNA methylation analysis can detect abnormal epigenetic modifications, it is a potential diagnosis tool for early stage diseases and may help disease intervention and treatment. Here, we review not only regulations of epigenetic modifications during development of the placenta, but also the influences of environmental factors. The potential value for diagnosis and treatment is also discussed.

Key words: placenta, epigenetic, imprinted gene, environmental factors, medical diagnosis