应用微卫星标记技术以6个品种鹅(东北白鹅、籽鹅、皖西白鹅、豁眼鹅、莱茵鹅、朗德鹅)为实验材料分析不同品种鹅的遗传多样性。利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度(H)多态信息含量(PIC)和群体间的遗传距离D_S, 结果表明: 7个微卫星位在6种鹅群体中均表现为高度多态性, 可作为有效的遗传标记来分析各鹅群体的遗传多样性和系统发生关系。实验各群体的杂合度均较高, 平均杂合度在0.6617(莱茵鹅)~0.8814(籽鹅)之间。各品种的PIC值变动大小在0.6145(莱茵鹅)~0.7846(籽鹅)这与杂合度的高低一致。依据D_S遗传聚类进行UPGMA聚类分析结果6个品种被分为2类: 国内地方品种东北白鹅、籽鹅、豁眼鹅及皖西白鹅为一类; 外来鹅种莱茵鹅与朗德鹅为一类。表明微卫星标记可准确地反映6个品种的亲缘关系及其所在地域分布上的差异, 适宜于群体遗传结构及遗传关系的研究, 是畜禽遗传多样性研究与保护的有效分析手段。

The genetic diversity of six goose breeds (White Goose, Zi Goose, Huoyan Goose, Wanxi Goose, Rhin, Landoise) was analyzed using microsatellite markers. Heterozygosity(H), polymorphism information content (PIC)and genetic distances were calculated for each breed based on the allele frequency. Results showed that 7 microsatellite sites were highly polymorphic, and could be used as effective markers for analysis of genetic relationship among different goose breeds. The mean heterozygosityies of were between 0.6617 (Rhin) and 0.8814 (Zi goose), among six goose breeds, the lowest was Rhin goose(0.6617) and the highest was Zi goose (0.8814). The range of mean PIC was between 0.6145 and 0.7814, Which was in the similar range as the mean heterozygosities. Based on the UPGMA cluster analysis results, six goose breeds were grouped into classes,White, Zi, Huoyan and Wanxi Goose in one class, and the foreign breeds of Rhin and Landoise goose in another class. These results indicated that the dendrogram obtain from genetic distance could be used to correctly reflect the phylogenetic relationship among the six goose breeds, suggesting that microsatellite DNA marker is a useful tool to determine the genetic diversity in closely related breeds.