SLAⅠ类基因编码细胞表面高度多态的糖蛋白, 负责将内源性抗原肽递呈给T细胞, 激发特异的免疫反应。文章介绍了近年来SLAⅠ类基因分子结构、组织中的表达、表达调节、基因分型、多态性及进化研究的新进展, 重点介绍了SLAⅠ类基因分型方法及多态性研究。SLAⅠ类基因分型方法主要包括血清学法、DNA序列测定、PCR-SSP、PCR-SSOP、微卫星法, 其中PCR-SSP法快速简便, 在SLAⅠ类基因分型研究中应用广泛。文章对SLAⅠ类基因在基因功能、肽疫苗、异种移植等方面的研究和应用前景进行了讨论。

The Swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) classⅠgenes encode multi-glycoproteins on cell surface, which present endogenous antigenic peptides to T cells and thus initiate specific immune responses. In this article, latest advances on molecular structure, expression in tissues, regulation of expression, genotyping, polymorphism, and evolution of SLA classⅠgenes were introduced, in which genotyping and polymorphism were emphasized. Molecular typing methods of SLA classⅠgenes include serological method, DNA sequencing, PCR-SSP, PCR-SSOP and MS, of which PCR-SSP is frequently used in genotyping of SLA classⅠgenes as a simple and rapid method. Future directions for the study and application of SLA classⅠgenes on gene functions, peptide vaccine, xenotransplantation were also discussed.