卵子发育、成熟是一个复杂的过程, 细胞核成熟和细胞质成熟过程必须同步化, 才能保证卵子的正常受精和进一步的发育。作为细胞质内最重要的细胞器, 线粒体在卵子成熟过程中的分布的变化、氧化磷酸化产生ATP的能力以及线粒体ＤＮＡ的含量和拷贝数或转录水平对卵母细胞发育成熟有着重要的影响。因此, 对卵子成熟过程中线粒体的分布和功能状况及线粒体DNA的研究, 有利于进一步了解生殖生理, 并为解决辅助生殖技术中及克隆胚胎技术所面临的困难提供新的思路。

Oocyte development and maturation is a complicated process. The nuclear maturation and cytoplasmic maturation must synchronize which can ensure normal oocyte fertilization and following development. Mitochondrial is the most important cellular organell in cytoplasm, and the variation of its distribution during oocyte maturation, the capacity of OXPHOS generating ATP as well as the content or copy number or transcription level of mitochondrial DNA play an important role in oocyte development and maturation. Therefore, the studies on the variation of mitochondrial distribution, function and mitochondrial DNA could enhance our understanding of the physiology of reproduction and provide new insight to solve the difficulties of assisted reproduction as well as cloning embryo technology.