蒙古马是我国重要的地方马品种资源, 它具有耐力强、耐粗饲、抗病性强等优点, 这些优势遗传资源成为对其进行深入研究的动力。遗传多样性能够反映出一个物种或某一品种的所有遗传信息, 即通过遗传标记来反映品种遗传多样性丰富程度, 并确定品种遗传资源独特性程度。文中分别从细胞水平、生化水平以及分子水平对蒙古马的遗传多样性研究进展进行了详细的综述, 重点介绍了蒙古马研究中热点基因的分型及其多态性研究成果。

Mongolian horse is a kind of important breed resource of local horses in our country. It has a lot of advantages such as powerful endurance, rough feeding resistance, and strong disease resistance. These advantages have become driving force for in-depth study on Mongolian horse. Genetic diversity can reflect all the genetic information of a species or a variety, namely, it reflects the richness of genetic diversity and confirms the degree of uniqueness of genetic resources through genetic markers. This paper introduces the progress in the study on genetic diversity of Mongolian horse in many aspects such as in cell, biochemical and molecular level, and highlights the various hot gene types and their polymorphisms.