依据血小板同种抗原5个系统的遗传多态性, 采用聚合酶链反应序列特异性引物技术, 对1 000名中国汉族无关献血者HPA-1~3, 5和15系统进行基因分型, 计算基因频率。使用DISPAN软件及PHYLIP软件计算不同群体间遗传距离并绘制系统树。系统树显示, 亚洲人群先与欧洲人群相聚, 之后再与非洲人群相聚, 非洲人群位于系统发生树的最顶部; 印度人群处于亚洲人群与欧洲人群之间; 南美洲巴西白人与欧洲人群聚在一起; 大洋洲的波利尼西亚人与亚洲人群聚在一起。此研究从一个侧面证明了人类“非洲起源说”, 印证亚洲人群由南亚向东南亚再向东亚迁徙的路线, 并推断出欧洲人群由南欧向北欧、西欧迁徙的线路。HPA能有效估算不同人群间遗传距离, 分析人类迁徙过程, HPA可作为遗传标记应用于人类进化的研究。

According to the human platelet alloantigens (HPA) polymorphisms in five systems, the distributions of HPA-1 -3, 5, and 15 systems in 1 000 Chinese donors were carried out by using a polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) method. The genetic distance and phylogenetic tree between Chinese Hans and other populations were estimated by using DISPAN and PHYLIP software. As presented by the phylogenetic tree, Asian had a convergence with European first, and grouped together with African. Beninese which came from Africa was on the top of dendrogram. Indian was located between Asian and European. Brazilian was converged with other Europe populations. Oceanian Polynexiya had been shown specifically to cluster with Asia populations. These results proved the “out of Africa theory” from one side, and it also confirmed that early migration of Asian is from south to southeast, and east Asia., thus it is probable that Euro-peans are migrated from south to north, and west Europe. As genetic distance was estimated effectively by HPA systems, HPA systems could serve as the genetic marker in human migration and evolution research.