果蝇的平衡染色体在遗传研究中被广泛应用。文章通过分析黑腹果蝇裂翅新突变体与野生型、982紫眼及黑檀体杂交后代裂翅性状情况, 首次将裂翅基因定位于3号染色体上, 并阐明了裂翅平衡致死、杂合子纯繁的遗传机制, 获得了以裂翅为显性标记的3号平衡染色体品系。探索了双平衡染色体显性标记基因聚合的杂交模式, 成功建立了以裂翅和卷翅为标记的2号、3号双平衡染色体。裂翅的发现为3号染色体平衡子提供了更加方便识别的显性翅型标记, 同时裂卷翅双平衡体的建立丰富了果蝇常用工具平衡子, 可以广泛用于基因定位及突变筛选过程。
The balancers of Drosophila melanogaster are widely used in genetic research. By analyzing the phenotype of offspring from hybridization of chapped wing (L) mating with OR, 982p and e, respectively, we mapped the chapped wing mutation on chromosome 3 for the first time and demonstrated the chapped wing mutation as a new balancer of D. melanogaster with dominant wing nicking phenotype. Finally, we bred a novel gathering line with double balancers of L and Cy in D. melanogaster. The mutant L provided a legible dominant marker for the balancer of chromosome 3, and the cultivation of double balancers chapped-curly wing enriches the balancer stock, which is often used in mapping and screening.
[1] Bridges CB. Current maps of the location of the mutant genes of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Nation Acad Sci USA, 1921, 7(4): 127–132.
[2] Ward L. The genetics of curly wing in drosophila. Genetics, 1923, 8(3): 276–300.
[3] 张勤, 张启能. 生物统计学[第一版]. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2002.
[4] 李红伟, 连林生, 赵春江, 白丽华, 邓学梅, 吴常信. 黑腹果蝇紫眼卷翅遗传规律的研究. 中国农业大学学报, 2006 , 11(5): 8–12.
[5] 李宁主编. 动物遗传学[第二版]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2003.
[6] 王勤. 黑腹果蝇紫眼突变体的遗传分析[学位论文]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2008.
[7] Robinson AS. Mutations and their use in insect control. Mutat Res/Rev Mutat Res, 2002, 511(2): 113–132.
[8] Muller HJ. Genetic variability, twin hybrids and constant hybrids, in a case of balanced lethal factors. Genetics, 1918, 3(5): 422–499.
[9] Muller HJ. Artificial transmutation of the gene. Science, 1927, 66(1699): 84–87.
[10] Nüsslein-Volhard C, Wieschaus E. Mutations affecting segment number and polarity in Drosophila. Nature, 1980, 287(5785): 795–801.
[11] Hentges KE, Justice MJ. Checks and balancers: balancer chromosomes to facilitate genome annotation. Trends Genet, 2004, 20(6): 252–259.
