小麦是遗传转化比较困难的作物之一。为了克服小麦基因工程育种和功能基因组学研究的障碍, 人们分别尝试利用基因枪、花粉管通道、超声波、离子束注入、激光微束穿刺、PEG(Polyethylene glycol)、电击和农杆菌等方法转化小麦, 涉及的受体材料包括幼胚、成熟胚、花药愈伤组织、幼穗、芽尖和花器官。文章对小麦主要遗传转化方法及其应用进行了介绍、回顾和评述, 分析、比较了获得安全型转基因小麦的几种策略, 以期增强读者对小麦转基因技术和进展的了解, 促进小麦转化技术的持续改进和提高。
Genetic transformation is a valuable tool for direct crop improvement and functional genomics study. Unfortunately, wheat is considered as a recalcitrant plant to genetic transformation due to its low efficiency and genotype dependency. To overcome these problems, various transformation methods such as biolistic bombardment, Agrobacterium tume-faciens, pollen-tube pathway, ion implantation, laser microbeams puncture, treatment with polyethylene glycol and ultra-sonic wave, and electroporation have been reported in wheat using various types of explants including immature embryos, mature embryos, anthers derived calluses, inflorescences, apical meristems, and other floral organs. In this review, several major transformation approaches and their applications in wheat are reviewed, and potential strategies for the development of safe transgenic wheat plants are discussed. The objective of this review is to provide an update on current status of wheat transformation, and to stimulate further research for improving transformation efficiency in wheat.
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