水稻是我国最重要的粮食作物, 然而虫害造成的产量损失每年高达一千万吨以上。研究表明, 转基因抗虫水稻对二化螟、三化螟和稻纵卷叶螟等水稻主要鳞翅目害虫具有高抗性, 可以大幅度减少化学杀虫剂的使用。在不使用农药的情况下, 在抗虫转基因水稻田中的害虫密度大幅度减少的同时, 可以显著地增加中性昆虫及捕食性天敌数量和种类, 显示出稻田生态系统和生物多样性的向良性发展的趋势。转基因水稻花粉向非转基因水稻品种的基因飘流实验表明, 随着栽种距离的增大而显著减小, 到间隔6.2 m时基因飘流频率已低于0.01%。转基因抗虫水稻的应用, 对于保障我国粮食安全, 保持农业可持续发展, 保护生物多样性和生态环境尤其是在大幅度减少农药使用量方面具有重要意义。文章综述了转基因抗虫水稻研制进展及其对生物多样性的影响, 并对农作物害虫防治的未来研究方向和发展趋势进行展望, 以期为转基因抗虫水稻更好的应用提供借鉴。
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