转基因鱼的研究进展与商业化前景

叶星，田园园，高风英

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1005.2011.00494

遗传 >

2011 , Vol. 33 >Issue 5: 494 - 503

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1005.2011.00494

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转基因鱼的研究进展与商业化前景

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中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所, 广州 510380

收稿日期: 2010-11-10

修回日期: 2011-01-28

网络出版日期: 2011-05-25

基金资助

“国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(编号：Nycytx-48-4)”, 国家高技术研究发展(863计划)重大专项“鲤鱼和草鱼等重要养殖鱼类功能基因组研究及应用”, 广东省重点科技项目(编号：2008A020100016), 广东省海洋渔业科技项目(编号：A200899F01)和广州市与荔湾区科技项目(编号：2009J1-C021; No.2008441115)资助

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Progress in transgenic fish techniques and application

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Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese academy of fisheries sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China

Received date: 2010-11-10

Revised date: 2011-01-28

Online published: 2011-05-25

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摘要

转基因技术为鱼类育种开辟了新的途径。目前已培育出转生长激素基因鲤、鲑和罗非鱼, 转荧光蛋白基因斑马鱼与唐鱼等可稳定遗传的转基因鱼品系, 其中快长转生长激素基因鱼的获得对于提高水产养殖的产量与养殖效益具有十分重要的意义。文章简要综述了转基因鱼应用研究的成就、相关技术及生态安全方面的研究进展。显微注射仍是目前基因转植的常用方法, 应用转座酶或巨核酸酶介导的转基因新技术可提高基因转植效率与整合率。转基因元件的选择应尽量考虑“全鱼”基因或“自源”基因, 以减少转基因鱼食用安全方面的顾虑同时也有利于转植基因的表达与生理功效的发挥。生态安全是转基因鱼商用化面临的最大问题。虽然有研究显示转基因鱼与传统的选育鱼类相比适合度较差, 但由于环境与基因型间的相互作用, 根据实验室获得的转基因鱼对生态影响的结果, 难以预测转基因鱼一旦逃逸会对自然水生态环境产生怎样的影响。因此应建立高度自然化的环境以获得可靠的数据客观评价生态风险, 有效的物理拦截、不育化处理等生物学控制策略仍是保证转基因鱼安全应用的关键措施。

关键词： 转基因鱼; 应用研究; 生态安全

本文引用格式

叶星，田园园，高风英 . 转基因鱼的研究进展与商业化前景[J]. 遗传, 2011 , 33(5) : 494 -503 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1005.2011.00494

Abstract

Transgenic technique provides a new way for fish breeding. Stable lines of growth hormone gene transfer carps, salmon and tilapia, as well as fluorescence protein gene transfer zebra fish and white cloud mountain minnow have been produced. The fast growth characteristic of GH gene transgenic fish will be of great importance to promote aquaculture production and economic efficiency. This paper summarized the progress in transgenic fish research and ecological assessments. Microinjection is still the most common used method, but often resulted in multi-site and multi-copies integration. Co-injection of transposon or meganuclease will greatly improve the efficiency of gene transfer and integration. “All fish” gene or “auto gene” should be considered to produce transgenic fish in order to eliminate misgiving on food safety and to benefit expression of the transferred gene. Environmental risk is the biggest obstacle for transgenic fish to be commercially applied. Data indicates that transgenic fish have inferior fitness compared with the traditional domestic fish. However, because of the genotype-by-environment effects, it is difficult to extrapolate simple phenotypes to the complex ecological interactions that occur in nature based on the ecological consequences of the transgenic fish determined in the laboratory. It is critical to establish highly naturalized environments for acquiring reliable data that can be used to evaluate the environ-mental risk. Efficacious physical and biological containment strategies remain to be crucial approaches to ensure the safe application of transgenic fish technology.

Key words： application; environmental risk; transgenic fish

参考文献

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