鳜食性奇特, 通常情况下拒食死饵或配合饲料, 在长期的养殖过程中发现：通过驯养, 能逐步诱导部分鳜以非活饵为食。通过分子标记定向选育易驯化鳜并使用人工饲料大规模养殖, 可以有效解决鳜养殖中存在的成本高、污染严重、病害严重等问题。脂蛋白脂酶基因(Lipoprotein lipase LPL)是脂蛋白代谢的关键酶之一, 生理功能是将乳糜微粒和极低密度脂蛋白核心的甘油三酯催化分解为甘油和脂肪酸, 以供组织氧化供能和贮存。文章采用PCR产物直接测序法对鳜脂蛋白脂酶基因6、7内含子和6、7、8外显子进行了SNPs遗传多态性检测和分析, 探寻LPL基因的等位基因及其基因型在两个食性驯化表型群体中的分布情况。结果在第7外显子处共检测到3个SNPs位点(A25T、G26T和C29G), 其中A25T、C29G两个为非同义突变。利用卡方检验分析驯化与未驯化组, 结果表明LPL基因3个SNPs位点对鳜的食性驯化不具显著差异性(P>0.05)。将3个SNPs位点不同基因型组合成5种双倍型, 卡方检验表明双倍型Dip2在两组中存在显著差异(P<0.05)。文章成功完成鳜LPL基因组部分区段多态性分析, 因而可以考虑将LPL基因作为影响鳜食性驯化的候选基因, 作为遗传标记, 为今后的标记辅助选择育种工作奠定基础, 具有广泛的应用前景。
Sinperca chuatsi usually refuses eating dead bait or man-made feed due to its specific feeding habit. It was showed that some S. chuatsi could be induced to take lifeless bait with domestication gradually after long-term of cultivation. High cost, serious pollution, severe diseases, and other problems of S chuatsi cultivation can be solved effectively by selecting those liable to domestication via molecular marker and treating them with artificial feed on a large scale. Lipoprotein lipase, one of the key enzymes in lipoprotein metabolic processes, provides energy by catalyzing the oxidation of triglycerides lie in the core of chylomicron and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) into glycerin and fatty acid, and saves energy. In order to search the distribution of the alleles and genotypes of lipoprotein lipase gene (lipoprotein LPL) gene in two feed habit domestication phenotype populations, SNP genetic polymorphisms in 6 and 7 introns and 6, 7, and 8 exons of LPL in S. chuatsi were analyzed by PCR product sequencing method. Three SNPs A25T, G26T, and C29G were detected, two of which were non-synonymous mutations. It was indicated by Chisquare test that the analysis between domesticated and undomesticated populations show no significant difference (P>0.05) between the three SNPs and feed habit. However, diplotype 2 in the two population showed significant difference (P<0.05) by assembling different genotypes of the three SNPs into five diplotypes. Polymorphic analysis of partial fragment of LPL genome in S. chuatsi was accomplished successfully. Therefore, LPL gene can be considered as a candidate gene and genetic marker for feed habit domestication in S. chuatsi, which lays the foundation for the work of molecular marker and selecting breed, which has extensive application prospect.
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