以遗传性状差异较大的甜瓜材料日本安农二号与新疆哈密瓜K413杂交产生的143个F2单株为作图群体, 以AFLP与SSR分子标记为主构建了包含12个连锁群、142个遗传标记位点的甜瓜遗传图谱, 其中包括121个AFLP标记、16个SSR标记、3个STS标记、2个性状标记, 连锁群总长度为1 014.2 cM。应用复合区间作图法对甜瓜果实的大小、长宽比、糖度、硬度以及甜瓜种子的长、宽、形状、重量等性状进行遗传定位与分析。基因定位结果显示控制果肉颜色的基因位于C9连锁群AFLP分子标记NDAA与NCFA之间。其他性状表现为数量性状控制, 共检测到25个数量性状基因座, 不同性状基因座位有重叠分布的特点。其中C5连锁群标记NCA-N73C区间检测到QTLs Sl5.1、Sw5.1和Swt5.1分别控制种子长、宽和千粒重, 分别可解释表型变异的17%、19%和23%。该区域包含的来自母本安农二号的基因位点对甜瓜种子的长、宽、千粒重均有明显的抑制作用; 位于C8连锁群标记N73A与NFDA间的QTL通过影响种子的宽度从而影响种子的形状与重量; 同样位于C8连锁群的果实长宽比QTL Fs8.1在F2和F3中均检测到, 分别解释表型变异的25%和19%, 表现为部分显性, 来自安农二号的等位基因抑制甜瓜果实伸长, 生成圆形甜瓜; 还发现控制甜瓜果实心糖、边糖、果实硬度的QTL各一个。
A genetic map of melon was constructed using 143 F2 population developed from a cross between two distant lines Ano2 of Japan and Hami melon K413. The map contains 12 linkage groups and 142 markers, including 121 AFLPs, 16 SSRs, 3 STSs, 2 trait markers and covers 1 014.2 cM. Composite interval mapping (CIM) method was used to detect QTLs involved in melon fruit and seed traits: fruit length (FL), fruit width (FW), fruit shape (length/width, FS), centre sugar (CS), edge sugar (ES), flesh texture (FT), seed length (SL), seed width (SW), seed shape (SS), and seed weight (SW). The result showed that Flesh was located between AFLP markers NDAA and NCFA on C9. A total of 25 QTLs were detected for other traits and some QTLs were co-located with each other. The QTLs Sl5.1, Sw5.1, and Swt5.1 located on linkage C5 between NCA and N73C explained a significant portion of associated phenotypic variation (R2=17%, 19%, 23%). The allele from Ano2 obviously suppressed the length, width, and weight of melon seed; the QTLs between N73A and NFDA on C8 were involved in seed width, shape, and weight; the QTL Fs8.1 on C8 was detected using both F2 and F3 fruit data and explained a significant portion of phenotypic variation 25% and 19%. Fs8.1 showed partly dominant, and the allele from Ano2 suppressed elongation of fruit to form round melon. The QTLs related to centre sugar, edge sugar, and fruit texture were also detected in this research.
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