糖尿病神经病变(Diabetic neuropathy, DN)是糖尿病在神经系统发生的多种并发病变的总称。文章旨在筛选2型糖尿病早期大鼠外周神经节差异表达的基因。采用Illumina大鼠基因表达芯片, 比较糖尿病模型与非糖尿病大鼠外周神经节基因表达谱差异。结果表明, 全基因组12 604个已知基因中, 158个基因差异表达。糖尿病组与非糖尿病组相比, 87个基因表达上调, 71个表达下调。对差异表达的基因进行GO分析, 发现上调基因所参与的最显著(P < 0.001)的几个生物学过程都与神经细胞骨架及运动功能有关; 下调基因所参与的最显著的生物学过程主要与“对病毒/生物刺激/其它生物的反应”有关。KEGG(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)分析显示, 差异表达的基因所参与的最显著(P < 0.001)的生物学通路为代谢通路。结果表明：高血糖可导致糖尿病大鼠外周神经节代谢紊乱; 高血糖可能通过免疫炎症反应、改变神经细胞骨架及运动功能相关的基因的表达, 继而损害外周神经节的结构和功能。
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