流行性感冒是一类由流感病毒引起的呼吸道传染病, 通过季节性流行或全球性爆发严重威胁着人类健康。目前防治流感的主要方法是疫苗和药物, 但存在神经毒性、肠胃副作用、易耐药等诸多限制因素。新的技术特别是小RNAs介导的RNA干扰(RNAi)技术, 因其具有高效、特异、快速等特点, 已成为抗病毒治疗的候选方法之一。随着近年来流感病毒的流行, 应用小RNAs抗流感病毒的报导越来越多, 其中靶向PA、NP和M2的PA-2087, NP-1496和M-950是目前报道的抑制流感病毒效果最好的siRNA。靶向不同流感病毒基因保守区域的siRNA具有更广泛的病毒毒株抑制效果, 靶向不同基因的siRNAs联合使用可取得更好的病毒抑制效果。文章就目前siRNAs和miRNAs在抗流感病毒方面的研究进展及RNAi治疗的前景和问题进行了综述。
Worldwide influenza caused by influenza virus is a respiratory disease which threats the public health by seasonal epidemics or global influenza outbreak. Vaccines and drugs are current therapies, but there are many restricted factors such as neurotoxicity, side effects of gastrointestinal, and drug resistance. New technologies, particularly RNAi mediated by small RNAs, has become a potential and robust method in influenza antiviral research for its high efficiency, specific, and speedy. Following the spread and epidemic of the influenza virus, application of small RNAs into influenza antiviral research has been reported increasingly. The small RNAs, PA-2087, NP-1496, and M-950, which targets PA, NP, and M2 genes, respectively, are the most effective anti-influenza siRNAs up to now. siRNA of targeting conservative region of different influenza viral genes has broader effect on virus inhibition. The combination of siRNAs of targeting different genes can achieve better virus inhibition. In this review, we mainly described the progress of siRNAs and miRNAs for anti-influenza virus, and the prospects and hurdles of influenza RNAi therapy as well.
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