大豆种皮色在从野生大豆到栽培大豆的演变过程中逐渐从黑色变成黄色, 是重要的形态标记, 因此, 大豆种皮色相关基因研究无论对进化理论还是育种实践都具有重要的意义。种皮颜色是通过各种花色苷的沉积而形成的。虽然很多植物色素沉积的分子调控机制比较明晰, 但大豆中控制种皮颜色形成的基因尚未被完全了解。文章综述了控制大豆种皮色基因与位点的相关研究进展, 主要有I、T、W1、R、O 5个经典遗传位点, 其中I位点被定位在第8号染色体(A2连锁群)一个富含查尔酮合成酶(CHS)的区域, CHS基因在大豆中是多基因家族且同源性较高;定位于第6号染色体(C2连锁群) T位点的基因F3’H已被克隆和转基因验证，由于碱基缺失导致所编码的氨基酸缺少了保守域GGEK, 从而不能与血红素结合而丧失功能; R位点定位在第9号染色体(K连锁群)A668-1与K387-1两标记之间, 可能是R2R3类MYB转录因子, 也可能是UDP类黄酮3-O糖基转移酶; O位点定位在第8号染色体(A2连锁群)Satt207与Satt493两标记之间, 其分子特性尚不清楚; W1位点可能由F3’5’H基因控制遗传。
Seed-coat color has changed from black to yellow during natural and artificial selection of cultivated soybean from wild soybean, and it is also an important morphological marker. Therefore, discovering genes related to the soybean seed-coat color will play a very important role in breeding and evolutionary study. Different seed-coat colors caused by deposition of various anthocyanin pigments. Although pigmentation has been well dissected at molecular level in several plant species, the genes controlling natural variation of seed-coat color in soybean remain to be unknown. Genes related to seed-coat color in soybean were discussed in this paper, including 5 genetic loci (I, T, W1, R and O). Locus I is located in a region that riches in chalcone synthase (CHS) genes on chromosome 8. Gene CHS is a multi-gene family with highly conserved sequences in soybean. Locus T located on chromosome 6 has been cloned and verified, which encodes a flavonoid-3'-hydroxylase. Mutant of F3'H can not interact with the heme-binding domain due to lack of conservative domain GGEK caused by a nucleotide deletion in the coding region of F3'H. Locus R is located between A668-1 and K387-1 on chromosome 9 (linkage group K). This locus may encode a R2R3 MYB transcription factor or a UDP flavonoid 3-O glycosyltransferase. Locus O is located between Satt207 and Satt493 on chromosome 8 (linkage group A2) and its molecular characteristics has not been characterized. Locus W1 may be a homology of F3'5'H gene.
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