针对抗癫痫药物的临床神经性毒副作用及致畸性, 以三甲双酮为探针药建立了抗癫痫药毒性的斑马鱼胚胎模型。结果显示, 斑马鱼胚胎暴露于三甲双酮后出现浓度依赖性的畸形和死亡。畸形表型有生长迟缓, 脑区、眼和听囊变小, 半规管和耳石受损, 以及心血管系统异常。这些表型与临床病例和文献报道很相似。毛细胞染色显示听囊ML2神经丘毛细胞数明显减少。原位杂交检测发现脑标志基因zic1和xb51、自噬基因atg5的表达图式发生了异常变化。RT-PCR检测显示听觉基因val和hmx2 的表达水平也发生了异常变化。这些结果提示脑组织和控制身体平衡及听力的神经感受器是三甲双酮的主要毒性靶位。斑马鱼胚胎和幼体可以模拟三甲双酮对哺乳动物的致畸和神经毒性反应。
To further understand the neural toxicity and teratogenicity of antiepileptic drugs in clinic, we established a zebrafish model for antiepileptic toxicity using trimethadione as a probe drug. The results indicated that embryonic malformation occurred under trimethadione treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. The defects included growth retardation, small head, eyes and acoustic capsule, deficient semicircular canals and otolith, and abnormal cardiovascular system. The number of hair cells in neuromast ML2 was obviously reduced in the treated larvae. Whole mount in situ hybridization indicated that the gene expression patterns of brain marker genes, such as zic1 and xb51, and autophagic gene atg5 was changed significantly. The result of RT-PCR showed that the expressions of hearing genes val and hmx2 were also changed in the trimethadione-treated embryos. All these findings suggest that brain tissue and the neural sensors for body balance and hearing are the main targets of trimethadione toxicity, and that zebrafish is able to mimic mammal responses to the teratogenicity and the neural toxicity of trimethadione in the embryonic and larva development.
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