近年来随着遗传改良工作的实施, 人工选择大大提高了肉牛的生产性能并使其遗传基础发生巨大改变。文章基于Illumina BovineSNP50(54K)和BovineHD(770K)两款芯片数据, 采用FST检验方法分析牛群的遗传分化, 并筛查人工选择在牛的基因组留下的印记。通过全基因组范围内的扫描, 共发现47 104个“离群”位点和3064个群体特异的人工选择“候选基因”, 如CLIC5、TG、CACNA2D1、FSHR等。通过基因注释对基因的生物学过程和分子功能进行富集分析。文章构建了我国肉牛的全基因组的选择信号图谱, 为深入研究人工选择和理解生物进化提供线索, 且研究结果也显示人工选择对基因组的影响在牛品种遗传改良中发挥了重要作用。
With the implementation of genetic improvement in recent years, artificial selection has greatly improved beef cattle production performance and its genetic basis has been dramatically changed. In this study, based on the Illumina BovineSNP50 (54K) and BovineHD (770K) BeadChip and the FST value, we analyzed the genetic differentiation of cattle and screened the imprints of selection in bovine genome. Finally, we found 47104 OUTLIER SNP loci and 3064 candidate genes, for example, CLIC5, TG, CACNA2D1, and FSHR etc. The biological proc-esses and molecular functions of genes were analyzed through gene annotation.The results of this study established a ge-nome-wide map of selection footprints in beef cattle genome and a clue for in-depth study of artificial selection and under-standing of biological evolution.Our results indicate that artificial selection has played an important role in cattle breed genetic improvement.
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