文章旨在比较广东地方猪、华南野猪(S.s. chirodontus)和引入品种白细胞抗原复合体(Swine leukocyte antigen complex, SLA)的遗传多样性, 为猪的抗病选育提供理论依据。在SLA区域内选取18个多态性丰富的微卫星(SLA-MS), 分别对皮特兰、杜洛克、大花白、蓝塘猪以及华南野猪进行遗传分型。结果表明, SLA不同区域平均遗传多样性高低依次为SLA Ⅱ (He=0.628, PIC=0.581)> SLA Ⅰ (He=0.530, PIC=0.474)> SLA Ⅲ (He=0.526, PIC=0.458); 5个群体间分子多样性指数(MDI)依次为华南野猪(0.716)>蓝塘猪(0.614)>大花白(0.559)>皮特兰(0.550)>杜洛克(0.507)。总体看来, SLA-MS的遗传多样性高低依次为华南野猪>广东地方猪>引入品种。基于Garza-Williamson 指数(GWI)分析, 杜洛克和大花白相较于华南野猪瓶颈效应严重; 遗传距离分析表明蓝塘猪和华南野猪首先聚为一类, 然后与大花白聚为一大类, 而皮特兰和杜洛克则单独聚为一支。文章为广东地方猪种质资源的保护、抗病选育和配套系的生产提供了理论基础。
The genetic diversity of swine leukocyte antigen complex (SLA) was studied among Guangdong local pigs, Huanan wild boars (S.s. chirodontus) and introduced pigs, which aimed at providing a theoretical foundation for further pig anti-disease resistance breeding. Pietrain pigs, Duroc pigs, Large black-white pigs, Lantang pigs, and Huanan wild boars were genotyped by employing 18 microsatellites in swine leukocyte antigen complex (SLA-MS). The result showed that the average diversity in SLA II was higher (He=0.628, PIC=0.581) than that in SLA I (He=0.530, PIC=0.474) and in SLA III (He=0.526, PIC=0.458). The molecular diversity indices (MDI) of Huanan wild boars was the highest(0.716), followed by Lantang pigs (0.614), Large black-white pigs (0.559), Pietrain pigs (0.550) and Duroc pigs (0.507). As a whole, the genetic diversity of Huanan wild boars was the highest over Guangdong native pigs and introduced pigs. Large black-white pigs and Duroc pigs had ever happened a severe bottleneck by comparison with the Garza-Williamson index (GWI) in Huanan wild boar. From the genetic distance, one clade was that Lantang pigs were first clustered with Huanan wild boar, and then grouped together with Large black-white pigs; another clade was that Pietrain pigs were independently clustered with Duroc pigs in the NJ tree. The results would establish the foundation for pig conservation of germplasm resource, disease resistance breeding, and multiplicative strains.
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