蝗虫具有材料易得、染色体大、染色体数相对较少等优点, 被普遍用于观察精子发生中减数分裂各个过程。蝗虫精巢制片简单、快速, 但初学者普遍感到辨别分裂相较为困难。鉴于此, 文章以东亚飞蝗(Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen))精母细胞的减数分裂过程为例, 介绍如何根据染色体的数目及染色体构象, 识别减数分裂各个时期。此外, 文章也简要描述了东亚飞蝗精母细胞的有丝分裂及精子形成过程, 供初学者参考。
The grasshoppers are ideal materials to study various meiotic stages of spermatogenesis due to their easy availability, fairly large chromosomes, and fewer numbers of chromosomes. It is easy to make temporary squash preparation of grasshopper testes; however, it is usually difficult for the beginners to differentiate between stages of meiosis. In view of this, we demonstrated the method of identification of meiotic stages by chromosome number and chromosome conformation, taking spermatogonial meiosis of Locusta migratoria manilensis as an example. We described briefly the mitosis of spermatogonia and the spermatogenesis of this species as well.
[1] Martin JM. The use of grasshopper chromosomes to demonstrate meiosis. Tuatara, 1970, 18(1): 1-12.
[2] 郭郛, 陈永林, 卢宝廉. 中国飞蝗生物学. 山东: 山东科学技术出版社, 1991.
[3] 赵卓, 任炳忠, 奚耕思. 绿牧草蝗精子发生观察. 吉林农业大学学报, 2005, 27(6): 603-605.
[4] Dyer AF. Investigating Chromosomes. London: Edward Arnold, 1979.
[5] John B. Meiosis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990: 29-102.
[6] 龚玉新, 吴丹丹. 蝗虫的减数分裂观察. 生物学通报, 2008, 43(4): 56-58.
[7] 王佑举, 贾玉珩. 蝗虫减数分裂的观察. 生物学通报, 1985, (12): 41, 47.
[8] 姚世鸿. 云斑车蝗精母细胞减数分裂过程的观察与分析. 贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版), 1994, 12(1): 27-32.
[9] 陈宝瑄. 蝗虫生殖细胞减数分裂及精子形成标本的制作与辨认方法. 河北医学院学报, 1986, 7(1): 47-78.
[10] 杨大翔. 遗传学实验(第二版). 北京: 科学出版社, 2009: 80-90.
[11] 贾潇凌, 马恩波. 斑翅蝗科部分种属细胞分类学的研究. 山西大学学报(自然科学版), 1998, 21(3): 291-296.
[12] de Souza MJ, de Melo NF. Chromosome study in Schistocerca (Orthop-tera-Acrididae-Cyrtacanthacridinae): Karyotypes and distri-bution patterns of constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolus organizer regions (NORs). Genet Mol Biol, 2007, 30(1): 54-59.
[13] 马恩波, 姚爱玉. 蝗虫染色体分带技术的研究. 遗传, 1999, 21(3): 28-30.
[14] Perry PE, Jones GH. Male and female meiosis in grass-hoppers. I. Stethophyma grossum. Chromosoma, 1974, 47(3): 227-236.
[15] 葛少钦, 康现江, 刘桂荣, 穆淑梅. 精子发生过程中的相关基因. 遗传, 2008, 30(1): 3-12.
[16] 葛少钦, 李建忠, 张晓静. 精子发生过程中组蛋白甲基化和乙酰化. 遗传, 2011, 33(9): 939-946.
