细菌中mRNA的降解具有重要的意义, 它不仅可以再循环利用核苷酸, 而且还可以根据生长条件的变化调控基因表达。另外, mRNA降解过程中的很多核酸酶还可以控制细菌毒力因子的表达与分泌、细菌的运动与浸染及诱导宿主细胞凋亡等等, 进而来调控细菌的致病性。与真核生物mRNA的降解过程及核酸酶相比, 细菌mRNA的降解途径及核酸酶差异很大, 这使得细菌mRNA降解途径很有潜力成为抗菌药物研发的新靶点, 或通过降低毒性来制备无毒疫苗的新平台, 以应对越来越严重的全球性细菌耐药性问题。文章综述了细菌mRNA的一般降解机制, 以及核酸酶RNase R、PNPase、RNase Y、RNase III和RNase E等在细菌致病性方面的作用, 并对利用细菌mRNA降解途径研发抗菌药物的前景进行了展望。
In bacteria, mRNA degradation plays an essential role, not only in recycling nucleotides but also in controlling gene expression in response to rapid changing growth conditions. In addition, many ribonucleases in this process can control pathogenesis by regulation of virulent factors’ expression and secretion, bacterial motility and invasion, or host cell apoptosis induction. Because a great difference in mRNA degradation machinery and ribonucleases exists between bacteria and eukaryotes, it makes mRNA degradation pathways possible to serve as a potential target for exploiting antimicrobial drugs, or new platform to reduce their virulence for vaccine preparation, for combating rapid emergence of bacteria drug-resistance. In this review, the general bacterial mRNA degradation pathways and the role of RNase R, PNPase, RNase Y, RNase III, and RNase E in pathogenesis were discussed. Furthermore, the perspective of application of mRNA decay machinery for exploiting novel antibacterial targets was also speculated.
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