1972年美国俄勒冈大学George Streisinger教授开始研究斑马鱼(Danio rerio)至今, 斑马鱼以其独特的优点, 已经成为现代遗传学、发育生物学研究的重要模式动物。世界范围内斑马鱼研究群体的工作已奠定了较为完善的胚胎学、分子遗传学研究基础, 并且斑马鱼已被应用于开发人类重大疾病模型和药物筛选平台, 取得了许多有价值的研究成果。文章简述了斑马鱼成为模式动物的历史, 侧重介绍了业已建立的白血病、黑色素瘤、感染免疫疾病、神经疾病等斑马鱼模型, 以及利用斑马鱼进行小分子化合物/药物筛选和研发的现状。斑马鱼研究向生物医学方向的拓展, 必将为人类理解重大疾病发生机制、寻找疾病治疗方法, 为维护人类卫生、健康做出贡献。
Ever since George Streisinger pioneered his research using zebrafish (Danio rerio), at the University of Oregon in 1972, the zebrafish not only has become a unique animal model in basic research, due to its fine embryonic and (molecular) genetics technique/tool developed globally, but it is also a favorite model of choice in the biomedical research, i.e., used for establishing human disease models and discovering lead drug/small chemical in the past decade. In this review, we will briefly describe the history of zebrafish research, emphasizing the well-recognized milestones, and stress how the models of leukemia, melanoma, immunity/infectious diseases and neuronal defects/neuro-degeneration diseases have been established and how pharmaceutical industry and research scientists make use of zebrafish to obtain potential therapeutic drugs. We believe that this direction of zebrafish research will lead to a better understanding of some nasty human diseases and their pathogenic mechanisms, and eventually help to achieve a better health of human beings.
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