美洲地区是全球玉米起源和遗传多样性中心, 优良种质渗入是拓宽我国玉米种质基础的有效途径。通过整理和分析不同学者关于美国、国际玉米小麦改良中心(International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, CIMMYT)和巴西玉米种质的配合力及杂种优势研究结果, 鉴定出在我国可能有应用潜力的24个优良玉米群体, 包括8个美国群体, 8个CIMMYT群体和8个巴西玉米群体。建议在适应性改良的基础上, 以我国本土化的A群和B群为核心, 将群体BSSS(R)C10、BS10(FR)C14、BS13(S)C9、BSK(HI)C8 Syn 3、BR106、Pop44(C8)、Pop45(C3)与A群种质, 群体BS11(FR)C14、BS16(S)C3 Syn 2、BS29(R)C3、BSCB1(R)C14、BR105、Pop42(C4)与B群种质构建复合群体, 开展改良, 拓宽我国玉米种质类群的遗传基础。
Introgression of exotic maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm is an effective approach to broadening the genetic base of Chinese germplasm. America is the center of maize origin and germplasm diversity. By analyzing general combining ability effects and heterosis responses among maize populations from the U.S., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), and Brazil studied by different authors, 24 elite maize populations from America region, including eight U.S. populations, eight CIMMYT populations, and eight Brazilian populations, were identified as having high potential in China. Based on adaptation improvement, we suggest to introgress BSSS(R)C10, BS10(FR)C14, BS13(S)C9, BSK(HI)C8 Syn 3, BR106, Pop44(C8), and Pop45(C3) into Chinese heterotic group A, and introgress BS11(FR)C14, BS16(S)C3 Syn 2, BS29(R)C3, BSCB1(R)C14, BR105, and Pop42(C4) into Chinese heterotic group B by forming semi-exotic populations or pools, respectively, in order to broaden the Chinese germplasm base.
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