哺乳动物的受精过程涉及到精子一系列的功能活动,如精子在雌性生殖道的运行、精子的超活化与获能、顶体反应以及精卵融合等。在精子经历的这一系列过程中,精子功能相关的蛋白质发挥着不可或缺的作用,这些蛋白分子的正常与否与雄性个体的繁殖力高低密切相关,因此精子功能相关的蛋白质能够作为评定哺乳动物精液受精能力的生物标记。文章主要对哺乳动物精子功能相关的蛋白质进行了综述,以阐述相关蛋白分子对精子运动活力、精子获能、顶体反应、透明带穿入和精卵融合等方面的重要作用以及这些蛋白分子在家畜遗传改良上的潜在应用。
The process of mammalian fertilization involves a series of sperm functional activities, including the sperm transportation, hyperactivation and capacitation, acrosome reaction and sperm-egg fusion, etc. The semen proteins play indispensable roles in these processes, and they are closely associated with the fecundity of males. So these proteins can be biomarkers to evaluate the fertilization capacity of mammalian semen. In this review, we mainly introduce some semen proteins relevant to spermatozoa functions and illustrate their important regulatory roles on the fertilization processes, involving spermatozoa motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction, penetrating the zona pellucida and sperm-egg fusion, etc. Moreover, their potential applications in the evaluation of heredity in livestock are also summarized.
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