热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)在发酵工业中具有重要的应用潜力,但二倍体遗传结构和较低的遗传转化效率限制了其代谢工程育种技术的应用。建立可靠的遗传转化技术并高效的删除目的基因是代谢工程改造热带假丝酵母的重要前提。文章以C. tropicalis ATCC 20336为出发菌株,通过化学诱变筛选获得了尿嘧啶缺陷型突变株C. tropicalis XZX(ura3/ura3)。以丙酮酸脱羧酶(Pyruvate decarboxylase,PDC)基因作为靶基因构建了两端包含同源臂并在选择性标记C. tropicalis URA3(Orotidine-5′-phosphate decarboxylase,乳清酸核苷-5-磷酸脱羧酶)基因两侧同向插入源于沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)的hisG序列的基因敲除盒PDC1-hisG-URA3-hisG- PDC1(PHUHP),并转化宿主菌株C. tropicalis XZX,筛选获得PHUHP片段正确整合到染色体的PDC基因位点的转化子XZX02。在此基础上,将转化子XZX02涂布于5-FOA(5-氟乳清酸)选择培养基上,筛选得到URA3基因从PHUHP片段中丢失的营养缺陷型菌株XZX03。进一步构建了第2个PDC等位基因的删除表达盒PDCm- URA3-PDCm,并转化C. tropicalis XZX03菌株,获得转化子C. tropicalis XZX04。经PCR和DNA测序确认转化子C. tropicalis XZX04细胞染色体上的两个PDC等位基因被成功敲除。文章建立了一种营养缺陷型标记可重复使用的热带假丝酵母遗传转化技术,利用该技术成功敲除了细胞的PDC基因,为进一步利用代谢工程改造热带假丝酵母奠定了基础。
Candida tropicalis, a diploid asporogenic yeast, is frequently utilized in industrial applications and research studies. However, the low efficiency of genetic transformation limits the strain improvement by metabolic engineering. A reliable transformation and efficient deletion of target gene are prerequisite for molecular improvement of C. tropicalis. In this study, an efficient approach for genetic transformation of C. tropicalis was developed based on the URA3 gene as a reusable selection marker and both of PDC allele genes encoding pyruvate decarboxylase were successfully deleted by this approach. Firstly, an auxotrophic mutant strain of C. tropicalis XZX which is defective in orotidine-5′-phosphate decarboxylase (URA3) was isolated by chemical mutagenesis combined with nystatin enrichment selection and 5-fluoro-orotic acid (5-FOA) resistance selection using C. tropicalis ATCC 20336 as the parent strain. Then, the first PDC deletion cassette PDC1-hisG-URA3-hisG- PDC1 (PHUHP) which contains a 1.6 kb URA3 marker gene, two copies of 1.1 kb Salmonella hisG fragments and homologous arms of target gene was constructed and transformed into C. tropicalis XZX cells. Transformants with a single copy of PDC deleted were isolated and identified by PCR and DNA sequencing, which was designated as C.tropicalis XZX02. The C.tropicalis XZX02 cells were spread on the minimal medium containing 5-FOA to generate mutant C. tropicalis XZX03 in which URA3 marker gene was excised from PHUHP fragment integrated into the PDC gene site. The second PDC gene deletion cassette PDCm-URA3-PDCm (MUM) was constructed and transformed into C. tropicalis XZX03 to generate C.tropicalis XZX04 in which both of PDC allele genes were deleted. All strains were confirmed by PCR and DNA sequencing. This efficient genetic transformation approach laid a foundation for further metabolic engineering of C. tropicalis.
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