羊慢病毒也称小反刍动物慢病毒, 主要包括绵羊梅迪–维斯纳病毒和山羊关节炎–脑炎病毒, 二者主要感染绵羊和山羊, 目前该病在世界范围内流行并给养羊业带来很大的经济损失。研究表明, 不同绵羊品种对慢病毒易感性存在差异, 这种差异表明易感性不同的绵羊可能存在遗传多样性的差异。全基因组关联分析发现绵羊跨膜蛋白TMEM154 (Transmembrane protein 154)基因中的一个点突变E35K与抗病力高度相关, 可以作为绵羊抗病选育的分子标记。文章详述了绵羊TMEM154基因E35K突变对抗病力的影响和当前慢病毒抗病基因研究概况, 包括锌指家族、趋化因子受体CCR5、三重基序蛋白TRIM5α、载脂蛋白B mRNA剪辑酶催化多肽样蛋白3、多能发育相关基因2和4, 并简要介绍了羊慢病毒特征和我国羊慢病毒病的流行状况, 以期为我国绵羊养殖业和抗病选育提供参考。
Ovine lentivirus, also termed as small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs), includesmaedi-visna virus (MVV) and caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV), which can infect sheep and goats. SRLVs are wide spread throughout the world causing serious economic implications for animal industry. Breed differences in susceptibility to MVV had suggested a strong genetic diversity in sheep. Genome wide association study (GWAS) indicated that a SNP (E35K) in ovine transmemebrane protein 154 (TMEM154) gene was significantly associated with sheep resistance to MVV and can be used as a molecular marker in sheep resistant selection breeding. Here, we review the progress of E35K mutation in sheep TMEM154 gene and its effects on resistance to MVV, and other lentivirusresistant genes including zinc finger cluster, chemokine reveptor 5 (CCR5), tripartite motif-containing 5 alpha (TRIM5α), apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypetide like 3 (APOBEC3), developmental pluripotencyassociated 2 (DPPA2) and DPPA4. Furthermore, SRLVs and the epidemic status are introduced. We hope to provide some guidance for sheep re-sistant breeding.
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