黑麦(Secale cereale L., RR)是改良普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L., AABBDD)的重要基因资源,将黑麦优异基因转移到普通小麦中,是小麦品种改良的有效途经之一。文章将四川地方品种蓬安白麦子(T. aestivum L., AABBDD) 与秦岭黑麦(S. cereale cv. Qinling, RR)杂交,染色体自动加倍获得八倍体小黑麦CD-13(AABBDDRR);通过顺序FISH和GISH分析,发现该八倍体小黑麦1RS端部与7DS的端部发生相互易位,是一个携带1RS-7DS.7DL小麦-黑麦小片段易位染色体的八倍体小黑麦。利用八倍体小黑麦CD-13与四川推广小麦品种川麦42杂交、连续自交,获得包含60个株系的F5群体;对F5群体的58个株系进行GISH和FISH分析发现,其中13个株系含有1RS-7DS.7DL小片段易位染色体。在这13个株系中,株系811染色体数目为2n=6x=42,是稳定的1RS-7DS.7DL小片段易位系;并且1RS特异分子标记和醇溶蛋白分析表明,1RS-7DS.7DL易位染色体1RS小片段的断裂点位于分子标记IB267-IAG95之间,不包含编码黑麦碱蛋白的Sec-1位点;同时1RS-7DS.7DL小片段易位系的千粒重与川麦42相当,远远高于八倍体小黑麦CD-13,对千粒重无负作用。因此,1RS-7DS.7DL小麦-黑麦小片段易位系可作为进一步深入研究1RS小片段上的优异基因及其遗传效应的重要材料。
李俊, 朱欣果, 万洪深, 王琴, 唐宗祥, 符书兰, 杨足君, 杨漫宇, 杨武云
. 1RS-7DS.7DL小麦-黑麦小片段易位系的鉴定[J]. 遗传, 2015
, 37(6)
: 590
-598
.
DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.14-358
Rye (Secale cereale L., RR) is a valuable genetic resource for the improvement of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., AABBDD). Transferring alien rye genes into wheat by distant hybridization and automatic chromosome doubling is an important and efficient method to boost agronomic traits, disease resistance and widening the gene pool in wheat. In this study, an octoploid triticale CD-13 (AABBDDRR) was obtained via automatic chromosome doubling by crossing landrace Penganbaimaizi (T. aestivum L., AABBDD) and rye “Qinling rye” (S. cereale cv. Qinling, RR). GISH and FISH analyses indicated that CD-13 contained a 1RS-7DS.7DL wheat-rye small segment translocation chromosome. In order to transfer the 1RS-7DS small segment translocation into hexaploid wheat, 58 lines of the F5 inbred population from the cross CD-13 x Chuanmai 42 were screened for rye chromosome segments by GISH and FISH analyses. The results showed that 13 lines contained the 1RS-7DS.7DL small segment translocation chromosome by reciprocal translocation between 1RS and 7DS. These translocation lines carrying 1RS small rye alien segment were tested for the translocation breakpoints and the presence of a storage protein locus Sec-1. The Sec-1 locus was absent in the line 811, a stable 1RS-7DS.7DL small segment translocation line. The translocation breakpoint of 1RS-7DS.7DL of this line was located in the interval of IB267-IAG95 around the telomere of 1RS chromosome. Thousand-kernel weight of the line 811 was much higher than the parent CD-13, but not significantly different from Chuanmai 42. This indicated that 1RS-7DS.7DL small segment translocation had no negative effect on thousand-kernel weight in the genetic background of Chuanmai 42. The line with 1RS-7DS.7DL translocation chromosomes can be used as a new genetic material for further studies of valuable genes and their genetic effect on 1RS small segment.
[1] Zeller FJ, Fuchs E. Cytology and disease resistance of a 1A/1R and some 1B/1R wheat-rye translocation cultivars. Z Pflanzenzücht , 1983, 90: 285-296.
[2] Carver BF, Rayburn AL. Comparison of related wheat stocks possessing 1B or 1RS. 1BL chromosomes: agronomic performance. Crop Sci , 1994, 34(6): 1505-1510.
[3] McIntosh RA, Friebe B, Jiang J, The D, Gill BS. Cytogenetical studies in wheat XVI. Chromosome location of a new gene for resistance to leaf rust in a Japanese wheat-rye translocation line. Euphytica , 1995, 82(2): 141-147.
[4] Wang CM, Zheng Q, Li LH, Niu YC, Wang HB, Li B, Zhang XT, Xu YF, An DG. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of a new T2BL•1RS wheat-rye chromosome translocation line resistant to stripe rust and powdery mildew. Plant Dis , 2009, 93(2): 124-129.
[5] Tang ZX, Ross K, Ren ZL, Yang ZJ, Zhang HY, Chikmawati T, Miftahudin, Gustafson JP. Wealth of wild species: role in plant genome elucidation and improvement: Secale . In: Kole C, ed. Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources Cereals. Heidelberg: Springer, 2011: 367-395.
[6] [6] An DG, Zheng Q, Zhou YL, Ma PT, Lv ZL, Li LH, Li B, Luo QL, Xu HX, Xu YF. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of a new wheat-rye 4R chromosome translocation line resistant to powdery mildew. Chrom Res , 2013, 21(4): 419-432.
[7] Friebe B, Hatchett JH, Sears RG, Gill BS. Transfer of Hessian fly resistance from ‘Chaupon’ rye to hexaploid wheat via a 2BS/2RL wheat-rye chromosome translocation. Theor Appl Genet , 1990, 79(3): 385-389.
[8] Jiang JM, Friebe B, Gill BS. Recent advances in alien gene transfer in wheat. Euphytica , 1994, 73(3): 199-212.
[9] Rabinovich SV. Importance of wheat-rye translocations for breeding modern cultivars of Triticum aestivum L.. Euphytica , 1998, 100(1-3): 323-340.
[10] Ribeiro-Carvalho C, Guedes-Pinto H, Heslop-Harrison JS, Schwarzacher T. Introgression of rye chromatin on chromosome 2D in the Portuguese wheat landrace ‘Barbela’. Genome , 2001, 44(6): 1122-1128.
[11] 王虹, 白杨, 李集临, 张延明. 小麦–黑麦小片段易位系的分子细胞遗传学分析. 植物遗传资源学报, 2014, 15(2): 383-388.
[12] 符书兰, 唐宗祥, 张怀琼, 杨足君, 任正隆. 含有抗白粉病基因的黑麦染色体小片段向小麦的转移. 遗传, 2006, 28(11): 1396-1400.
[13] 李方安, 唐宗祥, 符书兰. 新型小麦-黑麦6R附加系的创制及其白粉病抗性基因向小麦中的渗进. 麦类作物学报, 2014, 34(1): 34-38.
[14] Heun M, Friebe B, Bushuk W. Chromosomal location of the powdery mildew resistance gene of Amigo wheat. Phytopathology , 1990, 80(10): 1129-1133.
[15] Villarreal RL, Rajaram S, Mujeeb-Kazi A, Toro ED. The effect of chromosome 1B/1R translocation on the yield potential of certain spring wheats ( Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Breed , 1991, 106(1): 77-81.
[16] Friebe B, Heun M, Tuleen N, Zeller FJ, Gill BS. Cytogenetically monitored transfer of powdery mildew resistance from rye into wheat. Crop Sci , 1994, 34(3): 621-625.
[17] Porter DR, Webster JA, Friebe B. Inheritance of greenbug biotype G resistance in wheat. Crop Sci , 1994, 34(3): 625-628.
[18] Schlegel R, Meinel A. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome arm 1RS of rye and its effect on yield performance of hexaploid wheat. Cereal Res Commun , 1994, 22(1-2): 7-13.
[19] Friebe B, Jiang J, Raupp WJ, McIntosh RA, Gill BS. Characterization of wheat-alien translocations conferring resistance to diseases and pests: current status. Euphytica , 1996, 91(1): 59-87.
[20] Hsam SLK, Mohler V, Hartl L, Wenzel G, Zeller FJ. Mapping of powdery mildew and leaf rust resistance genes on the wheat-rye translocated chromosome T1BL•1RS using molecular and biochemical markers. Plant Breed , 2000, 119(1): 87-89.
[21] Mago R, Miah H, Lawrence GJ, Wellings CR, Spielmeyer W, Bariana HS, McIntosh RA, Pryor AJ, Ellis JG. High-resolution mapping and mutation analysis separate the rust resistance genes Sr31 , Lr26 and Yr9 on the short arm of rye chromosome 1. Theor Appl Genet , 2005, 112(1): 41-50.
[22] Lukaszewski AJ. Freq
