自噬是存在于真核细胞内的一种溶酶体依赖性的降解途径,在肝脏生理和病理过程中发挥着重要作用。肝脏具有强大的再生能力,在受到急、慢性损伤时,残肝细胞将会被激活进入细胞周期进行细胞增殖,以补偿丢失的肝组织和恢复肝功能。文章阐述了各种类型损伤之后的肝再生与自噬的关系。在物理性、酒精、食源性等因素引起的肝损伤中,肝脏通过启动自噬来促进肝再生;在化学性损伤的肝再生模型中,自噬在其中的作用仍然有争议;在病毒感染之后的肝再生中,一些嗜肝病毒(如丙肝病毒和乙肝病毒等)反而利用自噬来促进病毒颗粒复制,抑制肝再生。对自噬和肝再生机制的研究,将有助于进一步阐明再生过程,为治疗肝脏疾病提供新方法。
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