锌指核酸酶(Zinc finger nucleases,ZFN)、转录激活子样效应因子核酸酶(Transcription activator-like effector nucleases,TALEN)和成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR)/Cas9核酸酶是三个主要的基因组定向编辑技术。它们在基因功能研究、物种改造和疾病预防与基因治疗等各个领域都有重大科学研究及应用价值。每个技术背后都有过和有着激烈的知识产权归属之争。本文归纳总结这三大基因组定向编辑技术的知识产权,以期为研发具有自主知识产权的基因组编辑工具提供一些借鉴,也为现阶段高校创新创业教育提供启示。
Zinc finger nuclease, transcription activator-like effector nuclease, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 nuclease are important targeted genome editing technologies. They have great significance in scientific research and applications on aspects of functional genomics research, species improvement, disease prevention and gene therapy. There are past or ongoing disputes over ownership of the intellectual property behind every technology. In this review, we summarize the patents on these three targeted genome editing technologies in order to provide some reference for developing genome editing technologies with self-owned intellectual property rights and some implications for current innovation and entrepreneurship education in universities.
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