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2015年中国微生物遗传学研究领域若干重要进展

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  • 1. 西南大学生命科学学院,现代生物医药研究所,三峡库区生态环境与生物资源省部共建国家重点实验室培养基地,重庆 400715;
    2. 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,北京 100101;
    3. 中国科学院微生物研究所真菌学国家重点实验室,北京 100101;
    4. 上海交通大学生命科学技术学院 微生物代谢国家重点实验室,上海 200240

收稿日期: 2016-07-03

  网络出版日期: 2016-09-20

Research advances on microbial genetics in China in 2015

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  • 1. State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
    2. Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
    3. Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
    4. School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

Received date: 2016-07-03

  Online published: 2016-09-20

摘要

中国微生物遗传学研究在2015年取得了重要进展。本文回顾了2015年度中国本土科研团队在微生物遗传学领域取得的若干重要科研进展,扼要介绍了若干重点论文,展示了中国科学家在本领域的学术贡献。在基础微生物遗传学领域,明确了调控基因表达的一系列重要生物大分子的组成、结构和功能,解析了微生物免疫系统识别外源核酸片段的分子基础,阐明了多个微生物来源重要活性物质的生物合成途径及新颖的酶学反应过程,发现了微生物基因表达调控的新机理,在微生物发育、进化与群体行为生物学方面也取得一定进展。在工业微生物遗传学方面,阐明了微生物制造及其分子基础。在病原微生物遗传学方面,研究了多个致病菌的遗传调控,明晰了致病菌-宿主相互作用的遗传机制,在基因组水平解析了微生物耐药、新发病原和环境微生物的遗传机理,为致病菌防控新措施的研发提供了基础。在微生物多样性与环境微生物遗传学方面,展示了利用微生物遗传多样性的特点通过催化获得特定手性的化合物具有较好应用前景,肠道微生物组学研究方兴未艾。

本文引用格式

谢建平, 韩玉波, 刘钢, 白林泉 . 2015年中国微生物遗传学研究领域若干重要进展[J]. 遗传, 2016 , 38(9) : 765 -790 . DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.16-305

Abstract

In 2015, there are significant progresses in many aspects of the microbial genetics in China. To showcase the contribution of Chinese scientists in microbial genetics, this review surveys several notable progresses in microbial genetics made largely by Chinese scientists, and some key findings are highlighted. For the basic microbial genetics, the components, structures and functions of many macromolecule complexes involved in gene expression regulation have been elucidated. Moreover, the molecular basis underlying the recognition of foreign nucleic acids by microbial immune systems was unveiled. We also illustrated the biosynthetic pathways and regulators of multiple microbial compounds, novel enzyme reactions, and new mechanisms regulating microbial gene expression. And new findings were obtained in the microbial development, evolution and population genetics. For the industrial microbiology, more understanding on the molecular basis of the microbial factory has been gained. For the pathogenic microbiology, the genetic circuits of several pathogens were depicted, and significant progresses were achieved for understanding the pathogen-host interaction and revealing the genetic mechanisms underlying antimicrobial resistance, emerging pathogens and environmental microorganisms at the genomic level. In future, the genetic diversity of microbes can be used to obtain specific products, while gut microbiome is gathering momentum.

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