单倍体(Haploid)是指含有配子染色体数目的个体,对其进行基因组加倍可以快速获得纯合双单倍体(Doubled haploid, DH)。单倍体和双单倍体在植物品种选育、突变体筛选、基因功能鉴定、细胞学研究、遗传群体构建等方面具有重要作用,是近年来植物领域的一大研究热点。本文从单倍体和双单倍体的产生途径、鉴定、形成机理以及应用等方面较全面地综述了单倍体的最新研究进展,为单倍体的研究利用作一定的参考。
殷丽琴, 付绍红, 杨进, 李云, 王继胜, 王茂林
. 植物单倍体的产生、鉴定、形成机理及应用[J]. 遗传, 2016
, 38(11)
: 979
-991
.
DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.16-121
Haploids are individuals with gametophytic chromosome numbers. Homozygous doubled haploids can be quickly gained by genome doubling. Haploids and doubled haploids play an important role on crop breeding, mutant screening, gene functional analysis, cytological studies, construction of genetic population and so on, and have been a research hotspot of plants in recent years. In this review, we summarize the production means, identification, the genetic mechanism and the applications of haploids and doubled haploids. We hope to provide a reference for study and application of haploids and doubled haploids.
[1] Blakeslee AF, Belling J, Farnham ME, Bergner AD. A haploid mutant in the Jimson weed, “ Datura stramonium ”. Science , 1922, 55(1433): 646-647.
[2] Guha S, Maheshwari SC. In vitro production of embryos from anthers of Datura . Nature , 1964, 204(4957): 497.
[3] Kasha KJ, Kao KN. High frequency haploid production in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Nature , 1970, 225 (5235): 874-876.
[4] Forster BP, Heberle-Bors E, Kasha KJ, Touraev A. The resurgence of haploids in higher plants. Trends Plant Sci , 2007, 12(8): 368-375.
[5] Murovec J, Bohanec B. Haploids and doubled haploids in plant breeding. In: Abdurakhmonov IY. Plant Breeding. Croatia: INTECH Open Access Publisher, 2012: 87-106.
[6] Dwivedi SL, Britt AB, Tripathi L, Sharma S, Upadhyaya HD, Ortiz R. Haploids: constraints and opportunities in plant breeding. Biotechnol Adv , 2015, 33(6): 812-829.
[7] Dunwell JM. Haploids in flowering plants: origins and exploitation. Plant Biotechnol J , 2010, 8(4): 377-424.
[8] Kurtar ES, Balkaya A. Production of in vitro haploid plants from in situ induced haploid embryos in winter squash ( Cucurbita maxima Duchesne ex Lam.) via irradiated pollen. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult , 2010, 102(3): 267-277.
[9] Jauhar PP, Xu SS, Baenziger PS. Haploidy in cultivated wheats: induction and utility in basic and applied research. Crop Sci , 2009, 49(3): 737-755.
[10] Polgári D, Cseh A, Szakács É, Jäger K, Molnár-Láng M, Sági L. High-frequency generation and characterization of intergeneric hybrids and haploids from new wheat-barley crosses. Plant Cell Rep , 2014, 33(8): 1323-1331.
[11] Asker S. A monoploid of Potentilla argentea . Hereditas , 1983, 99(2): 303-304.
[12] Germanà MA, Chiancone B. Gynogenetic haploids of Citrus after in vitro pollination with triploid pollen grains. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult , 2001, 66(1): 59-66.
[13] Ishii T, Karimi-Ashtiyani R, Houben A. Haploidization via chromosome elimination: means and mechanisms. Annu Rev Plant Biol , 2016, 67(1): 421-438.
[14] Chase SS. Monoploids in maize. In: Gowen JW. Heterosis. Ames: Iowa State College Press, 1952: 399.
[15] Coe Jr EH. A line of maize with high haploid frequency. Am Nat , 1959, 93(873): 381-382.
[16] Geiger HH, Gordillo GA. Doubled haploids in hybrid maize breeding. Maydica , 2009, 54(4): 485-499.
[17] Rotarenco V, Dicu G, State D, Fuia S. New inducers of maternal haploids in maize. Maize Genet Coop Newslett , 2010, 84: 1-7.
[18] Prigge V, Xu XW, Li L, Babu R, Chen SJ, Atlin GN, Melchinger AE. New insights into the genetics of in vivo induction of maternal haploids, the backbone of doubled haploid technology in maize. Genetics , 2012, 190(2): 781-793.
[19] Wedzony M, Röber FK, Geiger HH. Chromosome elimination observed in selfed progenies of maize inducer line RWS. In: XVIIth International Congress on Sex Plant Reproduction. Lublin, Poland: Maria Curie-Sklodowska University Press, 2002: 173.
[20] Liang L, Xu XW, Jin WW, Chen SJ. Morphological and molecular evidences for DNA introgression in haploid induction via a high oil inducer CAUHOI in maize. Planta , 2009, 230(2): 367-376.
[21] Xu XW, Li L, Dong X, Jin WW, Melchinger AE, Chen SJ. Gametophytic and zygotic selection leads to segregation distortion through in vivo induction of a maternal haploid in maize. J Exp Bot , 2013, 64(4): 1083-1096.
[22] Zhao X, Xu XW, Xie HX, Chen SJ, Jin WW. Fertilization and uniparental chromosome elimination during crosses with maize haploid inducers. Plant Physiol , 2013, 163(2): 721-731.
[23] Ravi M, Chan SWL. Haploid plants produced by centromere-mediated genome elimination. Nature , 2010, 464(7288): 615-618.
[24] Burrack LS, Berman J. Flexibility of centromere and kinetochore structures. Trends Genet , 2012, 28(5): 204- 212.
[25] Ravi M, Marimuthu MPA, Tan EH, Maheshwari S, Henry IM, Marin-Rodriguez B, Urtecho G
